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A technique to measure the human skin emissivity in vivo is described for the frequency band 80–100 GHz. Emissivity measurements were performed on 60 participants, 35 males and 25 females, with ages ranging from 20 to 60 years. Results show that the emissivity of males is higher than that of females. The study suggests a trend in the emissivities with age and gender, which might be due to variations...
This paper investigates if sensory perceptions of orange drinks (e.g., acidity, thickness, wateriness) can be linked to physical measurements (e.g., pH, particle size, density). Using this information, manufactured drinks can be tailored according to consumer' desires by, for example, the consumer providing a sensory description of their preferred drink. Sensory perceptions of different juices are...
The paper presents algorithm development results for adaptive data processing of the troposphere parameters remote sensing. The algorithm is implemented in the LabVIEW graphical programming environment and processes data of the ground-based water vapor radiometer (WVR) in a quasi-real time scale. To identify trends and forecast changes in the time series of WVR data during intense precipitation, it...
High-level university technology can enhance student learning with hands-on experience, but the complexity of these tools can also create challenges for users. This study investigates the benefits and challenges of laboratory tools in high school settings through the lens of a project-based learning model. Participants in the investigation are stakeholders in a university outreach program known as...
The concept of quality of life is used as a measure of the welfare of a society, highlighting the relationship between the environment and health, mainly associated with pollution. Hence the importance of monitoring and communicating its results, in a timely manner, to the community. But often the last part of the process fail, there is a lack of communication between data, information and community...
High-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) is increasingly getting in focus of interest for polymer layer joining (Liebler 2008). Previous studies investigated the heating effect in polymer materials induced by HIFU with liquid sound conductor (Bo Liu et al. 2013) and with solid sound conductor (Oehm et al. 2016). An improved understanding of the physical mechanisms of HIFU to heat thin polymer layers,...
The article attempts to form an adequate understanding of the term “non-contact method of measurement”, the definition of which is absent in actual documents on standardization. The contrast in the use of the term for active and passive quantities is demonstrated. The details of applying the term in the presence and absence of sampling, and during non-destructive testing are considered. The difference...
The ECSEL joint undertaking RobustSENSE focuses on technologies and solutions for automated driving in adverse weather conditions. One of the main technology challenges is to improve laser scanner performance in fog where the existing 905 nm LIDAR reliability degrades below tolerances. This report briefly summarizes the results of experimental fog absorbance measurements, which were conducted in test...
Spray cooling is a new type of high heat flux heat transfer cooling technology. In the process, cooling medium is dispersed certain microscale droplets through the nozzles and injected to the stator core and winding. The spray characteristics will affect directly the heat transfer coefficient. So in the paper a test rig using a nozzle was constructed to explore the atomization characteristics of spray...
The photo-thermal effects of plasmonic nanoparticles are promising for cancer therapies. These treatments would greatly benefit from real time, multi-scale temperature mapping by non-invasive means. Here we show that intense terahertz time domain spectroscopy can be used as a non-contact and high resolution thermometer of water solutions. Using this technique we measure the temperature change, triggered...
We present angle-resolved terahertz time-domain spectroscopy (THz TDS) measurements of poly(butylene) terephthalate (PBT) and compare the results to x-ray scattering measurements. This comparison confirms that the THz TDS measurements can be correlated to the crystal structure. Further, the THz TDS measurements give insights into the binding energies of the crystal bounds.
The change of ecosystem and the surrounding atmosphere by different forms of pollutants (Chemicals and energies) are called environmental pollution. Pollution affects the climate most. The issue of environmental pollution and climate change has become an international concern due to their affects to the physical and biological entities of the environment. In this paper, the main objective is to find...
Nowcasting of intense rain is important in various fields of life. In this paper, radiometric brightness temperature measurements at Ka and V bands are utilized to predict rain event associated with impending convective processes. The instability parameters are estimated from radiometric data to point the development of atmospheric instability and an estimation of liquid water content is made from...
Turbulent environment can highly affect the performance of free space optical (FSO) communication links. Therefore, how to obtain the turbulence intensity is a very important issue. The paper has shown the detailed analysis to calculate the log irradiance variance (σ2R) along with the experimental verification under an indoor laboratory controlled turbulence condition. This paper verifies the consistency...
The Time-Resolved Observations of Precipitation structure and storm Intensity with a Constellation of Smallsats (TROPICS) mission was recently selected by NASA as part of the Earth Venture Instrument (EVI-3) program. The overarching goal for TROPICS is to provide nearly all-weather observations of 3-D temperature and humidity, as well as cloud ice and precipitation horizontal structure, at high temporal...
We introduced an approach to simulate and separate atmospheric contribution in ground-based thermal-infrared (TIR) camera measurements. Different from the traditional approach which uses the look-up table built from 1-D radiative transfer model (RTM), this approach directly simulates 3-D ray propagations and interactions in the heterogeneous urban environment by using the Discrete Anisotropic Radiative...
Tracking the radiometer calibration stability is very important for climate monitoring radiometers as long term accuracy of observations is needed to create reliable climate models. This presentation discusses the advantages of 3-point onboard calibration techniques over 2-point methods to track radiometer calibration stability.
In this article the composite author dealt with measurement possibilities of polarization states of light source emitting 1550 nm which was affected by atmospherically transmission environment in special acrylate box 2.5 m long. The Polarimeter Thorlabs TXP 5004 and the External Sensor Head PAN5710IR3 measured the changes of polarization parameters, ellipticity and azimuth, defining placement on the...
We present a side-respectively end-pumped Nd:YAG laser system at a laser wavelength of 1116 nm. The third harmonic of this wavelength at 372 nm can be used for LIDAR detection of molecular iron in the middle atmosphere at the height of about 70 to 120 km. Such measurements give information about temperature profiles and wind speeds in this atmospheric region and thus help in validating and calibrating...
The Mars Environmental Dynamics Analyzer (MEDA) is a suite of environmental sensors onboard NASA's Mars 2020 mission. The Thermal InfraRed Sensor (TIRS), developed at Centro de Astrobiología of Spain, is one of the six sensors comprising MEDA, and it will measure the net thermal infrared radiation and reflected solar radiation at the surface, as well as the atmospheric and surface skin temperatures...
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