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Multi-rate (MR) simulation is necessary for a system which contains both large and small time constraints. In the traditional MR real-time simulation of MMC, only the MMC valves are implemented on FPGA with a small time-step, while the rest parts are implemented on central processing units (CPU) with a large time-step. This paper presents a fully FPGA based MR real-time simulation of two MMC terminals...
Being the first five-terminal Modular Multilevel Converter (MMC)-based HVDC project in the world, the control and protection system must be validated under various operation modes as well as contingency at the factory acceptance test. This paper presents the configuration and performance of a hardware-in-the-loop (HIL) test platform that is based on a multi-rate real-time simulator using commercial-off-the-shelf...
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