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Scheduling different types of data packets, such as high or low priority data packets at the sender node, is important for reducing energy and capacity consumptions and end-to-end delay. Current scheduling schemes of wireless sensor networks use preemptive and non-preemptive scheduling algorithms, which incur relatively long end-to-end transmission delay and high processing overhead. Besides, they...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are collection of sensor nodes that co-operate together to monitor an environment or a system. These sensor nodes works on limited battery source, one of the factor to be consider while designing a WSNs protocol is by efficient use of available energy resources to prolong network lifetime. Studies show that one of the efficient WSNs protocol is Low Energy Adaptive Cluster...
Military training radio networks typically consist of large numbers of mobile nodes and have to provide real-time (RT) communication between these nodes. This paper introduces a method on how to manage radio resources and provide Quality of Service (QoS) guarantees for heterogeneous traffic by using admission control, deterministic queuing, and scheduling methods. The proposed solution is based on...
Efficient node energy utilization is one of the most important challenges in Wireless Sensor Networks. In this paper, we present an energy efficient scheduling algorithm for clustered wireless sensor networks (PASC). Energy is saved by scheduling some nodes into active state to generate data and keep network connectivity, while putting others into sleep state. Through several simulations, we evaluate...
As the wireless sensor network has made its steps in mobility based applications like health monitoring, wildlife monitoring, search and rescue, it is desirable to have a reliable routing protocol to deal with the routing issues of mobile sensor nodes and battery is also the main constraint for sensor nodes so routing protocol should be energy efficient. Existing approaches for routing in Cluster...
A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is a collection of small, self-contained electro-mechanical devices that monitor the environment conditions. There are many design issues for WSNs such as deployment, mobility, infrastructure, network topology, network size and density, connectivity, lifetime, node addressability, data aggregation etc. The hierarchical routing protocols are LEACH (Low-Energy Adaptive...
One of the major restrictions for the application areas in wireless sensor network is the threat of limited energy resources. The sensor nodes are equipped with ir-rechargable batteries as the source of power. To maximize the entire network life time it is required to optimize the energy usage for the sensor nodes in WSNs. It is already established that clustering is an efficient routing technique...
The Power & Reliability Aware Protocol (PoRAP) has been developed to provide efficient communication by means of energy conservation without sacrificing reliability. This has been achieved using direct communication, adaptive transmission power adaptation and intelligent scheduling. The key capabilities of PoRAP make it suitable for environmental and habitat monitoring systems. Several experiments...
A wireless network consisting of a large number of small sensors with low-power transceivers can be an effective tool for gathering data in a variety of environments like civil and military applications. The data collected by each sensor is communicated through the network to a single processing centre called base station that uses all reported data to determine characteristics of the environment...
Clock synchronization is an extremely important requirement of wireless sensor networks(WSNs). There are many application scenarios such as weather monitoring and forecasting etc. where external clock synchronization may be required because WSN itself may consists of components which are not connected to each other. A usual approach for external clock synchronization in WSNs is to synchronize the...
Application diversities of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) emphasize on consideration of all potential factors including obstacle appearance. However, most reputed protocols of WSN has no or little concerned with this issue. In this paper, simple obstacle detection techniques and their solutions for context aware hierarchical protocols are proposed. These techniques enrich the functionality and deployment...
Wireless sensor networks are composed of a large number of sensor nodes with limited energy resources. There is a need to design protocols that adapt much better to the constraints of the sensor network environment. The clustering algorithm is a technique used to reduce energy consumption. It can improve the scalability and lifetime of wireless sensor network. In this paper, we propose a clustering...
Data gathering is a major function of many applications in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). In real world applications, it is unrealistic to guarantee all sensors have the same energy because they have different energy consumption. Moreover, sensor redeployment also results in the heterogeneous energy capacities. In this paper, An effective data gathering scheme for heterogeneous energy WSNs (EDGA)...
Wireless sensor network consisting of a large number of small sensors is effective for gathering various data in a variety of environments. Since each sensor operates on battery, energy efficient data transfer is indispensable to maximize the lifetime of the network. In this paper we propose a new data transfer protocol employed in large-scale wireless sensor network. Here only one designated cluster-head...
The coverage problem in sensor networks studies how to turn redundant sensors off while maintaining a required level of coverage. The existing algorithms and protocols are proven to be effective to conserve energy and prolong network lifetime, but only support a static level of sensing coverage. In contrast, many sensor network applications may require a dynamic level of coverage, which changes from...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are expected to play an essential role for our society in the near future. In this paper, we propose a data adaptive transmission mechanism, DAT in short, for clustering-based wireless sensor networks. Sensor nodes do not always have data to send all the time. The data obtained at a time by the sensor nodes are expected to be transmitted as a whole to the cluster-head...
This paper proposes LeSS-TDMA, a novel approach for scheduling TDMA activity in a sensor network, where nodes create their own schedules by learning from previous activity. The protocol uses routing information to establish a schedule appropriate for periodical data gathering, which is the main traffic type in sensor networks. The schedule is determined by examining patterns that arise from data being...
Wireless network coding has the potential to enhance the capacity of wireless mesh networks (WMNs). However, most of the work considering the practical deployment of network coding in WMNs considers only IEEE 802.11 based medium access control (MAC) layers. The recent emergence of sophisticated MAC standards supporting WMNs (e.g. IEEE 802.16) make it necessary to view the deployment issues for network...
We consider the problem of supervision or periodic data collection for stationary wireless sensor networks and present a practical, energy-efficient, and reliable solution. Energy-efficiency is achieved by combining three design methods: (a) adopting network flow optimization techniques, the optimal scheme for balancing the communication load among all the nodes in the network is calculated. This...
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