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In the CNS, microglia are the primary targets of HIV infection. In this study, we investigated the effect of activation of the innate antiviral receptors TLR3 and TLR4 on HIV infection of primary human microglia, as well as microglial cell signaling and gene expression. Ligands for both TLR3 and TLR4 potently inhibited HIV replication in microglia through a pathway requiring IRF3. Surprisingly, a...
Infection of the central nervous system (CNS) by HIV is a frequent and sometimes very early event in the course of HIV pathogenesis. Possible consequences are diverse symptoms of neurological dysfunction, but also the establishment of a lifelong latent viral reservoir in the brain. Whereas in the periphery innate and adaptive immunity are equal partners, the blood–brain barrier (BBB) with its restricted...
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