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Photovoltaic (PV) module degradation in the field is a known issue; however, understanding the modes and mechanisms in which modules degrade is still a major undertaking for researchers. To understand the degradation modes and mechanisms, both nondestructive and destructive characterization techniques need to be employed. This paper presents the results and conclusions obtained based on a few major...
With the widespread coverage of the Internet, e-learning environments have greatly advanced. Students have increasing opportunities to access and interact both with course materials and with classmates. However, the functionalities of e-learning systems nowadays may not satisfy students across the full range of courses, especially computer software courses. The study makes use of the social networking...
The threshold switching characteristics of amorphous NbOx thin films is investigated with particular emphasis on temperature dependence of the switching characteristics. Threshold switching in this material is believed to result from a thermally-induced insulator-metal-transition (IMT) induced along a filamentary path by local Joule heating. Increasing the operating temperature is shown to lead to...
The paper presents new logic synthesis methods for single-output incomplete multi-level binary circuits using Memristor-based material implication gates. The first method follows Lehtonen's assumption of using only two working memristors. The algorithm minimizes the number of implication (IMPLY) gates, which corresponds to minimizing the number of pulses or the delay time. This greedy search method...
Impedance spectroscopy has been used to investigate the conductivity displayed by diamond doped with boron in an intrinsic-delta doped-intrinsic multilayer system. For a 5nm thick delta layer, it is possible to observe three conduction pathways, which can be individually assigned to transport within the delta layer, and to two differing conduction paths in the i-layers adjoining the delta layer. For...
This paper experimentally explores thin film micro-contact pairs of Au-Au, Au-Ru and Au-RuO2 through the utilization of thin-film contact resistance and spreading resistance theory. Contacts of various combinations of material pairs, including evaporated Au lower planar contact and sputtered Au, Ru or Au-RuO2 upper hemispherical contact were fabricated and their performance monitored through many...
The electrocardiogram (ECG) is one of the primary sources of information for assessing cardiovascular function. Conventional ECG systems are not suitable for continuous, long-term monitoring. Contactless measurement of ECG using capacitive sensors is emerging as an attractive alternative. One of the disadvantages of a contactless system is that the signal quality is poor as far as the clinical acceptance...
A one-dimensional electrochemical DC pulse simplified model for an 8Ah lithium ion phosphate battery monomer is built with the help of COMSOL software on the base of the porous electrode theory. Based on the experimental data and analysis, the model can be optimized by putting the values of effective conductivity and the concentration of the lithium at different temperature as well as the equilibrium...
In this study the bending reliability of an isotropic conductive adhesive (ICA) filled between two printed circuit foils (PCF) as interconnection for a System-in-Foil is evaluated. The filling is realized by a Jet-Dispense process on oxygen plasma treated, as well as non-plasma treated foils. The samples are tested on a bending test setup capable of real-time electrical measurements during bending...
71 maize inbred lines from Jilin Province were selected as experimental material and field split-plot experimental design was adopted to study the relationship between the main traits of rootstock and lodging resistance. The result showed that there was an obvious or an extremely obvious correlation between maize lodging resistance and stalk tension, stalk puncture force, planting density, stem diameter,...
Carbon/carbon composite materials has superior performance in underwater corrosion resistance, high temperature resistance and high abrasion resistance that promises to be a new applied materials in the water turbine seal ring. But in turbine abnormal vibrations occur during operation, resulting in carbon/carbon composite material fracture. In this paper, four kinds of adhesive materials consisting...
This paper presents SPICE modeling of Phase-change Random Access Memory (PCRAM). Different models of PCRAM have been already proposed but those models still lack capability to exactly model the behavior of PCRAM. In this paper we have introduced various physical parameters in the programming, to accurately model PCRAM behavior. The modeling of PCRAM cell has been done in Verilog-A and simulation results...
Batteries are a critical component that largely governs the performance and cost of an electric vehicle. There are a variety of types of batteries competing for use, each with cons and pros. Among these options, Li_4 Ti_5 O_12 batteries excel with superior performance in terms of safety, stability, service life. In order to make better use of its merits for electric vehicle applications, understanding...
In this paper, Ni-coated graphene nanosheets (GNS-Ni) were synthesized by an in situ chemical reduction method. Such GNS-Ni sheets, by varying their weight fractions (0.05, 0.1 and 0.2wt.%) were successfully incorporated into the SAC305 solder matrix to fabricate composite solders through the powder metallurgy processing method. The samples of composite solders were then investigated in terms of their...
NiCu is one of the widely used thin-film materials, which is now commonly used as sensor and resistor in very-large-scale-integration (VLSI) because of its high resistivity and stability. However, with the scale decreasing and the temperature increasing in service condition, the limited reliability of NiCu thin-film material has been a key issue in microelectronics and packaging industry mainly due...
Resistance uniformities of Au/TiO2/Au memristors with oxide layer of 20-nm-thick, 30-nm-thick and 40-nm-thick have been study respectively. For each device, uniformity of high resistances is much higher than that of low resistances in cycles, no matter how thickness the oxide layer is. It indicates that conductive filaments based on oxygen vacancies are the dominated effect on resistive switching...
A new joint research project (JRP) integrating metrology institutes and universities from nine countries is aimed at realization of a new generation of standards for quantum resistance metrology. The project exploits graphene's properties to simplify operation of standards without compromising the unprecedented precision delivered by semiconductor quantum Hall devices. Higher operating temperatures...
This a outline of a review of metrological issues related to nanoscale electrical transport measurement presented at CPEM-2014. A brief overview of the instrumentation used to measure electrical transport properties at the nanoscale is presented and a few metrological issues are discussed.
This work proposes the use of non-recursive factored forms in material implication logic as a way to increase performance with a small additional cost in the number of required devices. Previous works addressing memristor based implication logic focus only on recursive forms. The utilization of factored forms can reduce the number of operations. Since this kind of logic is naturally sequential, the...
A growing number of smart energy meters and electric charging stations have sparked a demand for a high precision, low value shunt resistors to measure the flow of electrical current. This paper investigates the possibility of trimming 100 micro ohms Manganin shunt resistors with tolerance of 5 percent to improve their accuracy and performance for use in smart energy meters. In theory, reducing the...
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