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Cancer has grown universally as a disease in recent years and it has proven to be the major cause of fatality in humans. The main focal point in this paper is on leukemia - a specific type of blood cancer. The disclosure of leukemia is done with the help of examination of the physical properties of the cells present in the bone marrow smear. This paper introduces peculiar detection of leukemia using...
The differential count and analysis of blood cells in microscope images can provide useful information concerning the health of patients. There are three major blood cell types, namely, erythrocytes (RBCs), leukocytes (WBCs), and platelets. Automated blood cell analysers can provide RBCs, WBCs and platelets count but the presence of abnormal cells could affect the cells counting, that should be checked...
Laser speckle contrast imaging (LSCI) is a noninvasive full-field optical imaging technique that gives a 2-D microcirculatory blood flow map of tissue. Due to novelty of commercial laser speckle contrast imagers, image processing of LSCI data is new. By opposition, the numerous signal processing works of laser Doppler flowmetry (LDF) data—that give a 1-D view of microvascular blood flow—have led to...
We present a novel ultrasonographic approach to compute hemodynamics in the heart cavities. We estimate blood motion flow by exploiting the apparent visual flow of motion in ultrasonographic image sequences enhanced by the use of an echographic contrast agent. We describe the optical flow and segmentation approaches used specifically for determining blood flow in the left intraventricular cavity....
This paper present the results of applying dark stretching technique to enhance and segment the Plasmodium Falciparum based on thick blood smear images. Image enhancement is the process to improve the quality (clarity) of images for human viewing. Removing blurring and noise, increasing contrast, and revealing details are examples of enhancement operations. Reducing the noise and blurring and increasing...
Leukemia is a disease that affects blood forming cells in the body. Early detection of the disease is necessary for proper treatment management. Abnormal white blood cells or blasts play important role for hematologists in their diagnostic process. Digital image processing technique could help them in their analysis and diagnosis by enhancing the visibility of the interested features of the WBC. In...
We present a convex variational active contour model with shape priors, for spatio-temporal segmentation of the endocardium in 2D B-mode ultrasound sequences, which can be solved by Continuous Cuts. A four component (signal dropout, echocardiographic artifacts, blood and tissue) Rayleigh mixture model is proposed for modeling the inside and outside of the endocardium. The parameters of the mixture...
We present an approach for left ventricular segmentation of radio-frequency (RF) ultrasound sequences. Our method employs an independent identically distributed (iid) spatial model for RF voxel intensity and a conditional model relating a subsequent frame in the image sequence to the frame being segmented by means of a linear predictor that exploits spatio-temporal coherence in the data. The conditional...
Many cardiovascular diseases, such as ischemia and arrhythmia, will cause abnormal motion of the myocardium, leading to a change of the blood flow pattern in the heart and an increased risk of the formation of thrombus. In this paper, we propose a new method to use high-resolution 4D CT data to model the complex moving boundaries of the heart walls, accurately simulate blood flow using the Navier-Stokes...
We report the implementation of a fully on-chip, lensless, sub-pixel resolving optofluidic microscope (SROFM) based on the super resolution algorithm. The device utilizes microfluidic flow to deliver specimens directly across a complementary metal oxide semiconductor (CMOS) sensor to generate a sequence of low-resolution (LR) projection images, where resolution is limited by the sensor's pixel size...
Cell segmentation in microscopy imagery is essential for many biomedical applications. In this paper, a novel level set based technique is proposed for segmenting the differential interference contrast (DIC) red blood cell microscopy images. Based on the framework of subjective surfaces, a local complex phase based edge indicator function is introduced to replace the traditional gradient-based edge...
Reliable detection of large retinal hemorrhages is important in the development of automated screening systems which can be translated into practice. In this study, we propose a novel large retinal hemorrhages detection method based on splat feature classification. Fundus photographs are partitioned into a number of splats covering the entire image. Each splat contains pixels with similar color and...
Time sequences of 3D images of cerebral and other vasculature blood flow during surgery and other medical procedures allow enhanced visual feedback. The visual feedback constitutes an enhancement over the existing 2D time series of X-ray projections as it facilitates the detection and observation of pathological abnormalities such as stenoses, aneurysms, and blood clots. An algorithm that outputs...
The Blood-Oxygen-Level-Dependent (BOLD) signal that is measured by functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) has been the subject of extensive research since the development of the first balloon model. While there are definite benefits to moving from the Canonical Hemodynamic Response function to a physiologically inspired BOLD model, significant barriers remain. Optimizing the simplest balloon...
Using Positron Emission Tomography for dynamic tracer mapping requires the knowledge of the arterial plasmatic activity concentration (PTAC). The reference method to obtain it is arterial sampling, not applicable in clinical studies because invasive and dangerous. The Simultaneous Estimation (SIME) method aims to estimate simultaneously the PTAC and the organ pharmacokinetic parameters from the time-activity...
Arterial spin labeling (ASL) allows non-invasive imaging and quantification of brain perfusion by magnetically labeling blood in the brain-feeding arteries. ASL has been used to study cerebrovascular diseases, brain tumors and neurodegenerative disorders as well as for functional imaging. The use of a perfusion template could be of great interest to study inter-subject regional variation of perfusion...
Studying the surface of an internal organ such as the placenta using three-dimensional ultrasound (3D US) is difficult. Image data from the surrounding tissue makes accurate identification of the interface technically challenging. The placental/maternal interface (basal plate) is thought to be the location of significant vascular pathology causing major maternal and fetal morbidity. We propose a new...
We present a new method for reconstructing a 3D flow field from multiple 3D Pulsed Wave Doppler echo images. A weakness of Doppler imaging is that only a 1D projection of the true 3D velocity (parallel to the echo beam direction) is measured. We propose a method which uses registered multiple Doppler views to calculate 3D flow vectors using a Least Mean Squares (LMS) minimisation process. Flow is...
In this work we propose a variational reconstruction algorithm for enhancement and denoising of flow fields that is reminiscent of total-variation (TV) regularization used in image processing, but which also takes into account physical properties of flow such as curl and divergence. We point out the invariance properties of the scheme with respect to transformations of the coordinate system such as...
Acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL) are a group of hematological neoplasia of childhood which is characterized by a large number of lymphoid blasts in the blood stream. ALL makes around 80% of childhood leukemia and it mostly occur in the age group of 3-7. The nonspecific nature of the signs and symptoms of ALL often leads to wrong diagnosis. Diagnostic confusion is also posed due to imitation of similar...
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