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In this paper a new model is proposed to schedule the capacity of both up and down spinning reserve (SR) considering transmission constraints. Up SR is seen as the most important resource to cope with many contingencies and it is well studied, while the down SR is ignored by many papers especially when network constraints are considered. Ignoring the down SR would cause sub-optimal or even unfeasible...
The electricity market of Singapore has been studied by many market regulators and scholars for its well-known maturity. This paper aims to provide an in-depth analysis of the market clearing model (MCM) of the wholesale market of Singapore, where the energy and ancillary services are settled simultaneously through a form of auction pricing. Both the bidding mechanism and the clearing process are...
The Revenue Sufficiency Guarantee (RSG), as part of make-whole (or uplift) payments in electricity markets, is designed to recover the generation resources' offer-based production costs that are not otherwise covered by their market revenues. Increased penetrations of wind power will bring significant impacts to the RSG payments in the markets. However, literature related to this topic is sparse....
Periodical maintenance of equipments enhances their performance as well as lifetime. Generating units are prime components in the power systems and their preventive maintenance schedule helps to improve the overall performance of the system. The deterministic reliability model depicts the actual situation of the preventive maintenance planning and this process is primarily reliability centered. The...
Operational issues associated with the integration of variable generation (VG) have led system operators and researchers to re-evaluate how reliability services are procured and at what levels they are required. Ramping reserve constraints are now being proposed and applied by several system operators to address the increasing variability and uncertainty in system schedules. The increasing environmental,...
Market designs for reserve capacity in power systems face new challenges in terms of demand side participation (DSP) and renewable energy in-feed. In order to enhance power system flexibility and to reduce the amounts required of reserve capacity two key issues have to be tackled: First, financial incentives for DSP to participate in Ancillary Service markets. Second, incentives for intermittent sources...
The electric power grid is one of the most complex engineered systems today. Managing thousands of transmission assets spanning many miles and interconnecting regions and countries together combined with optimizing many generators with complex operating requirements creates a very challenging scheduling problem. Such a challenging problem becomes even more complex with resource uncertainty and stringent...
In this paper, the ability of the Nevada (NV) Energy generation fleet to meet its system balancing requirements under different solar energy penetration scenarios is studied. System balancing requirements include capacity, ramp rate, and ramp duration requirements for load following and regulation. If, during some operating hours, system capability is insufficient to meet these requirements, there...
A single-period day-ahead stochastic market-clearing mechanism that schedules large and Distributed Generators (DGs) to reliably supply the system demand is proposed. The mechanism considers the stochasticity of both, the system demand and the generation of variable DGs to satisfy a reliability criterion. The reserves provided by large generators, are endogenously determined by the scheduling mechanism...
ERCOT has moved from a zonal market to an advanced nodal market since December 2010. In ERCOT, combined cycle trains (CCT) contribute a significant share of its total installed capacity. Therefore, how to accurately and efficiently model the CCT is one of the key factors for a successful EROCT nodal market. In order to facilitate market operations and ensure the system reliability, the ERCOT nodal...
This paper summarizes the process used to interconnect generators in New England, its relationship to the energy and capacity markets, and discusses a few process changes that were made recently to improve efficiency and coordination in the generator interconnection queue.
DR (Demand response) has an important role in electricity power market by reducing load quantity instead of increasing generation for balancing demand and supply. DR resources are regarded as an extra tool of balancing supply and demand in emergency condition. Also, DR resources can be used in normal condition or used for the purpose of maintaining the reserve rate. Because of the characteristics...
Electric power generation is the second-largest category of greenhouse gas emissions in California, next to transportation. California's administration, legislature, and energy regulators have adopted aggressive targets for renewable energy due to heavy reliance on natural gas as a fuel for electric generation, which will result in profound changes in markets and system operations. The growth of renewable...
Preventive Maintenance Scheduling of generating units is an important requirement in a power system planning. The maintenance of the various equipments in a power System, especially the maintenance of generators is directly related to the overall reliability of the power system. However, the Maintenance Scheduling (MS) problem is a constrained optimization problem. The objective function of this problem...
The impact of wind power generation on the reserve levels has been studied in this paper through the simulation of a one-year daily unit commitment schedule for a benchmark power system. The case study shows that under the hybrid “N-1” plus “ 3σ ” security criterion, there exists a complex relationship among reserve levels, wind penetration and the relative size the conventional units. When such units...
ERCOT is transitioning from a current zonal market to a newly redesigned nodal market. In the new ERCOT nodal wholesale market, a Reliability Unit Commitment (RUC) process is designed and implemented to ensure transmission system reliability and security. The main objective of RUC is to ensure that enough resource capacity, in addition to ancillary service capacity, is committed in the right locations...
This paper presents a methodology to determine the energy and reserve schedules with consideration of power system uncertainties. Unlike contingency analysis, the requirements of operating reserves based on the stochastic optimal power flow are not predefined. Instead, the reserve requirement is generated to meet both the system reliability and economic efficiency under system uncertainties. The stochastic...
Maintenance scheduling plays a very important and vital role in power system planning. Any equipment irrespective of its size and complexity will have to be serviced periodically to ensure that the equipment does not fail to operate during normal operation. However, the maintenance-scheduling problem is a constrained optimization problem. The objective function of this problem is to reduce the loss...
This paper describes a benchmarking workload model for business process execution language (BPEL) engines for Web services. The proposed model is based on simulation of real world traffic conditions by defining a set of requirements which best characterize the end-users. The performance characteristics are evaluated on top of collected measurements such as success/fail rate, response times or round-trip...
As an independent system operator (ISO), Electric Reliability Council of Texas (ERCOT) is responsible for the security and reliability of the ERCOT grid. Participation by load in the restructured ERCOT market is viewed as a means of enhancing competition in those markets by mitigating unwarranted price spikes. Customers with interruptible loads that can meet various performance requirements can qualify...
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