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The central nervous system directs a large number of muscles to produce complex motor behaviors. By using Artificial neural networks (ANNs) where more number of hidden layers are used for learning a specific task, we propose a method to understand the representations of neuromuscular control in the central nervous system as representations of movement plans that are eventually executed by the spinal...
The special experimental setup for a study of the head-neck system dynamics during impulse acceleration, which arises in the case of the ground and air vehicle crushes, was elaborated. Based on experimental results the authors proposed the simple mechanical model of the “head-neck” system with eight degrees of freedom, which are the rotation angles of the head and seven cervical vertebrae. For the...
Here we describe the ongoing development of a unique computer model to simulate the upper-limb during sinusoidal tracking activity on the TheraDrive, a 1 degree of freedom (DOF) haptic stroke rehabilitation system. The model predicts longitudinal muscle forces while simulating Thera-Drive activity to better understand the physiological changes (e.g. muscle dynamics) that arise from stroke and subsequent...
Hybrid systems often appear as models of mechatronic devices, and are used to express the discontinuous transition in dynamics that occurs when mechanical contacts are made or broken. Contact state changes can coincide with dramatic shifts in control authority, and become sources of unwanted disturbance when they are exogenously driven. In the natural world, such systems appear in rapid legged locomotion...
An elbow biomechanical model can provide theoretical guidance for the rehabilitation of the human arm. Researches on the mechanism of elbow movement are developed mainly through analysis of surface electromyographic (sEMG), but the signals that were captured are redundant, without the consideration of muscle groups, while output of the model are mostly muscle force or torque, which is not intuitive...
Sensorimotor integration during spinal reflexes is discontinuous and context based unlike previously proposed continuous feedback models. Cutaneous and proprioceptive modalities play a key role in planning and execution of the hindlimb wipe reflex in adult spinal bullfrogs (Rana catesbeiana). However the temporal dynamics of this integration is still unclear. Studies have suggested that intrinsic...
Aim of this paper is to develop an EMG based biofeedback system using a virtual reality platform which will help in gait rehabilitation. A low power multichannel EMG acquisition unit has been developed to acquire EMG of six different muscles of the lower limb. EMG from different channels are fused using Bayesian fusion technique and spurious data has been discarded. From the fused EMG data, we calculate...
This paper deals with parametric identification based on Recursive Least Squares algorithm (RLS) to describe the human handwriting process. The electromyographic EMG signals records of muscle activities in the forearm during handwriting movements contain the adequate information to present this biological process. So, the handwriting process can be described from the relationship between EMG signals...
Models proposed within the literature of motor control have polarised around two classes of controllers which differ in terms of controlled variables: the Force-Control Models (FCMs), based on dynamic control, and the Equilibrium-Point Models (EPMs), based on kinematic control. This paper proposes a bioinspired model which aims to exploit the strengths of the two classes of models. The model is tested...
This paper describes the parameter optimization of fuzzy logic control (FLC) of FES-assisted indoor rowing exercise (FES-rowing) using multi objective genetic algorithm (MOGA). The indoor rowing exercise is introduced as a total body exercise for rehabilitation of function of lower extremities through the application of functional electrical stimulation (FES). FLC is used to control the knee and elbow...
Enlightened by the disparity between the experimental and theoretical calculations of flexion and extension muscle activities, this paper proposes that co-contraction contributes to arm impedance control even during free planar movements. Therefore, the proposal above, implemented with the neuro-muscle-skeleton model and optimal control tool, could yield stiffness ellipses which are consistent with...
This paper describes the effect of inclined track in an indoor rowing machine on the rowing exercise for paraplegics. The indoor rowing exercise is introduced as a total body exercise for rehabilitation of function of lower extremities through the application of functional electrical stimulation (FES). A model of the machine is developed using the Visual Nastran (Vn4D) software environment. Nine different...
In this study the properties of muscle synergies, arising from optimal feedback control are investigated. Three different tasks namely reaching, via-point, and hitting are performed using optimization of corresponding cost functions. Then by applying non-negative matrix factorization method to a dataset of muscle tensions, synchronous muscle synergies are obtained. In this way, different muscle patterns...
The author assesses the validity of three models dealing with human arm trajectory control by evaluating their success in accounting for the kinematic characteristics of planar horizontal unconstrained point-to-point arm trajectories. These models are concerned with two significant issues. Namely, in what coordinate frame(s) are movements internally represented by the brain and, how intention is translated...
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