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Recently an extensive deployment of small cell Networks (SCNs) called two tier-heterogeneous networks have been proposed, especially for dense urban zone. Therefore, Macro Cell Networks containing a hyper density of SCNs distributed randomly within it will emerge the field. The benefits of two tier Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) are realized through the traffic flooding via small cells. To enhance...
As the data traffic demand increases continuously, LTE Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) with macro-cells and small-cells seems to be the best solution to enhance the quality of user experience by increasing the coverage and capacity of cellular networks. One of the important challenges in such networks is the user association problem. Several approaches have been proposed for this purpose: based for...
Long Term Evolution (LTE), designed by 3rd Generation Partnership Project (3GPP) to increase the capacity of radio mobile communications, has been endorsed by multiple public protection and disaster relief organizations as a next generation technology for Professional Mobile Radio (PMR) networks, which convey business and mission critical communications. One of the main services of PMR is the group...
In distributed massive multi-input multi-output (DM-MIMO) system, the number of users simultaneously served is greatly restricted if the pilots allocated for users are orthogonal. In this paper, a dynamic pilot reuse strategy within a single cell DM-MIMO system is proposed in order to reduce pilot overhead. The reuse in this strategy is applied so that maximum average sum-rate is satisfied within...
For the first time, the ion-vacancy-based bipolar RRAM has been demonstrated on HKMG stack of FEOL logic 14nm FinFET. A unit cell with two identical FinFETs, one serves as a control transistor and the other one is the storage with resistance switching. It is performed by the edge tunneling and with bipolar switching. More importantly, the sneak path issue in an AND-type array based on this FinFET...
The conventional LTE coverage has an approximately 100 km cell range limit defined in 3GPP specification. The LTE coverage for ocean area should be extended beyond the 3GPP specification due to an emergency call and the advent of safety IoT (Internet of Things) device. In this paper, we propose a novel coverage expansion technology called OTHAD (Over The Horizontal Antenna Distribution) and inter-cell...
In this paper, optimal content caching strategy is proposed to jointly minimize the cell average outage probability and fronthaul usage in cloud radio access network (Cloud-RAN). Closed form expression of the outage probability conditioned on the user's location is presented, and the cell average outage probability is obtained through the composite Simpson's integration. The caching strategy for jointly...
Heterogeneous networks (HetNets) which include macrocells with short range small cells proved a better coverage and higher user data rates compared to classical networks. Using the same spectrum as the macrocells, small cells would allow increased spatial reuse of bandwidth. In industrialized countries, the deployment of new small cells by another actor (tier) to cover the outage improves the service...
In this paper, we present a new and significant theoretical discovery. If the absolute height difference between base station (BS) antenna and user equipment (UE) antenna is larger than zero, then the network capacity performance in terms of the area spectral efficiency (ASE) will continuously decrease as the BS density increases for ultra-dense (UD) small cell networks (SCNs). This performance behavior...
To tackle the challenge of surging data rate demand, heterogeneous network (HetNet) composed of multiple radio access technologies (RATs) has been proposed as one promising solution. In addition, the LTE and WLAN Aggregation (LWA) architecture was specified recently, but few existing network selection algorithm takes consideration on the cooperation between RATs. In this paper, we propose new Aggregation...
Device-to-Device (D2D) communications and small cell networks, as promising technologies to improve spectral efficiency and system throughput for future cellular networks, have received increasing attentions. In this paper, we model D2D communications in the two-tier heterogeneous macro-small cell networks. We propose not only two novel resource sharing strategies for D2D users, namely dedicated resource...
In this paper, we focus on a beam pattern diversity of user terminals in order to improve the network-wide performance along with an inter-cell interference coordination (ICIC). Previous ICIC works mainly focused on conventional single antenna user terminals, and thus further improvement may be possible by employing the opportunistic scheduling to exploit multi-user and beam pattern diversity. Therefore,...
LTE-A addresses the challenges of coverage block holes and increase in user density with new features, such as small cell and femto cell. Small cell can be an inexpensive substitute to macro cell in coverage depleted areas. In contrast, heterogeneous network using femto cells with its ubiquitous coverage, can deliver high-speed data. Resource scheduling algorithm has an important role in determining...
The surge of mobile data traffic has spurred academia and industries to begin developing 5G networks. 5G is meant to overcome limitations of 4G cellular technology relying on the dominant trend of mobile network densification with the deployment of small cell base stations. To accelerate this process, low complexity and inexpensive remote radio heads (RRHs) are deployed massively and connected to...
Heterogeneous cloud radio access networks (H-CRAN), which combines the benefits of cloud radio access radio networks (C-RAN) and heterogeneous networks (HetNets), is an emerging technology to achieve high data transmission rates in 5G cellular networks. In H-CRAN, to mitigate interference among macro BSs (known as high-power nodes (HPNs)) and remote radio heads (known as low-power nodes (LPNs)), Fractional...
Inter-Cell Interference (ICI) is always a key problem in Fractional Frequency Reuse (FFR) system to be focused on, which should be well resolved to pursue higher throughput and better power efficiency. In this paper, we investigate throughput and power efficiency of RR scheduling in FFR system by both closed-form expression and Monte Carlo trials method. We improve a previous throughput model by applying...
Through massive deployment of additional small cell infrastructure, Dense Small cell Networks (DSNs) are expected to help meet the foreseen increase in traffic demand on cellular networks. Performance assessment of architectural and protocol solutions tailored to DSNs will require system and network level simulators that can appropriately model the complex interference environment found in those networks...
To deal with challenges of enhanced user density, high data rate demand and coverage, conventional macro cellular network architecture is evolving to irregular and complex Heterogeneous Networks (HetNets) through dense deployment of low power Base Stations (BSs) such as pico and femto BSs. Various parameters and their effects are considered while analyzing the performance of HetNets. In this paper...
Radio Resource Allocation (RRA) is a key challenge in every wireless communication generation. Due to scarcity of wireless spectrum, resources are shared based on requirement. We can find there is a tradeoff between availability and utilization of resources. However resource requirement also changes varying with user request, certain network failure incident, or time varying consumption patterns....
This paper addresses the optimal frequency reuse for the transmission of multimedia layered source which needs unequal target error rates or spectral efficiencies in its bitstream. We first analyze the crossover point of the outage probability curves for the full and partial frequency reuses, and show that that the crossover point in signal-to-noise ratio is a strictly increasing function in spectral...
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