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This paper illustrates the technical advantages and extendibility of low Cu electrolyte for future generation damascene filling. Such improvement stems from many benefits low Cu concentration can provide: (1) stronger polarization, (2) stronger and more uniform adsorption of suppressors, (3) higher solubility of suppressor molecules for better wetting and defect performance, and (4) higher nucleation...
Through the research on the adsorption of heavy metal ions in electronic industrial wastewater and the thermodynamics by activated carbon, influences of contact time, temperature, pH value and coexistence heavy metal ions on Cu2+, Pb2+, Zn2+ and Cr6+ adsorption were investigated in terms of experiments. The results showed that the copper adsorption onto activated carbon achieved equilibrium gradually...
Removal of Cu2+, Cd2+, Pb2+ and Zn2+ in wastewater was investigated using steel slag as a treatment material, and then mechanism of removal was discussed according to main crystalline phases in steel slag and Zeta potential of steel slag. The results showed the steel slag was a very suitable multi-functional material for the treatment of wastewater containing Zn2+, Cu2+, Cd2+ and Pb2+. Under treatment...
The adsorption of lead by soils is strongly influenced by temperature and various soil characteristics. Soil pH is one of the most important parameters influencing lead-solution and soil-surface chemistry since it affects lead speciation and the charge of soil surface groups. In general, lead adsorption is small at low pH values, and it increases with the increase in soil pH. Some investigations supported...
This study investigated the effect of leachate DOM on the adsorption of Cu, Cd, Pb and Zn in the typical cinnamon soil in Northern China. The adsorption experiments were conducted under the conditions of isotherm at 15, 25 35°C and at various acidities (pH=5-9). The results revealed that the process of soil adsorb these metals is accord with the adsorption isotherm formula of S=KCN and S=SmC/(C+1/K)...
The present study was conducted to investigate the heavy metals (HMS) removal from aqueous solutions in Complex ecosystem filter (CEF) with vermiculite substrate. Experimental results showed that the CEF was highly effectively in removal of HMS and the average removal rates of Cu2+, Zn2+, Pb2+ and Cd2+ were 81.60%, 80.55%, 83.20% and 62.21% respectively, under the hydraulic loading of 2.0m3/m2.d....
By using a hydrothermal treatment process, coal fly ash was transferred to a series of synthesized zeolites and characterized XRD and SEM observations. The synthesized zeolites exhibited more enhanced adsorption capacities for metals compared to the raw material as the increased CEC of the synthesized zeolites apparently provides a better adsorptive ability for metals. For the three synthesized zeolite...
The kinetics and thermodynamics characteristics of Pb(II) and Cu(II) adsorption onto fly ash of a oil shale-fired power plant was investigated by using batch adsorption method. The results showed that Langmuir and Freundlich adsorption isotherms were applicable to the adsorption process, while Freundlich equation is more applicable. The mechanistic steps of the adsorption process was studied through...
A new adsorbent was developed from municipal sewage sludge (SS) combined with 5-20% pyrolusite of the weight of SS carbon, and using ZnCl2 as chemical activation reagent. Characterized by N2-BET methods and SEM, the result showed that the surface area of the new adsorbent was increased to 354.198 m2/g compared with that of the unmi- xed sludge activated carbon 232.526 m2/g and total pore and micropore...
In this work, A weak acid cation exchange textile (CET) was prepared by 60Co γ-rays irradiation grafting with acrylic acid (AA) onto polypropylene (PP) non-woven (PP-g-AA). The feasibility of PP-g-AA as ion exchanger for enrichment and removal of four heavy metal ions (Cu(II), Zn(II), Cd(II), Pb(II)) in seawater was investigated. The exchange capacity of CET with the grafting degree of 45% is 3.7...
Yundang Lake is an important area for living and traveling in Xiamen Island. Severe pollution and sedimentation have been found in the lake, and then the dredging is needed. In order to assess the pollution level of dredged material, sediments from 6 stations in the Yundang Lake were sampled for heavy metal contamination, speciation analysis, and adsorption-desorption experiment in April 2003. Heavy...
Zinc sulfide nanoparticles were prepared by hydrothermal method and characterized by TEM, FT-IR and BET surface area. The titration results show that the surface of ZnS nanoparticles possessed an obvious acid-base property. With increasing the amount of ZnS nanoparticles in the suspension, the pH buffer capacity of solution increased dramatically. There is a proportional relationship between the amount...
Batch experiments were carried out to investigate heavy metal ions adsorption properties of steel slag, the results showed that steel slag could be used as an effective adsorbent to removal heavy metals such as Cr3+,Cu2+,Pb2+and Zn2+ from the aqueous solution. For the heavy metal Cr3+, the removal yield increased with increasing contact time and reached the equilibrium state within lh; The removal...
The demand for effective and inexpensive sorbents is increasing in response to the widespread recognition of the deleterious health effects of heavy metals exposure through aqueous solutions. An adsorbent, bio-formulation (BF), was prepared by agricultural waste. The maximal biosorption removal of cadmium (II), lead(II), copper(II), zinc(II) on BF are 99.4, 99.8, 97.6, 98.3% at pH 8, 5, 5, 7, respectively...
The adsorption of copper and lead on MnO2 was followed by monitoring the frequency of piezoelectric crystal coated with MnO2 in contact with solutions of the metal under study, at controlled temperature. Each isotherm was constructed for concentrations of each metal between 1 and 58 mg L-1. When absorption data for copper or lead were fitted to the Langmuir isotherm, two linear zones were obtained,...
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