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Process simulation using ASPEN Plus is carried out to model a two-stage alkali catalyzed transesteriflcation reaction for converting micro algal oil to biodiesel. A 6:1 methanol to algal oil feed ratio is assumed using NaOH as a catalyst at 60 °C reaction temperature, which results in almost 99 % biodiesel yield for the trans-esterification reaction. Product quality is assessed and compared with market...
Influx of sewage into surface water results in nutrient enrichment and consequently leads to algal bloom and voluminous organic sludge production in urban areas as in case of Bangalore. The lack of utilities of algae and resulting sludge has lead to anoxia and GHG emissions. Environmental friendly ways of sludge and algal biomass utilities as well as disposal are scant. Testing for biofuel and thermal...
Properties of bio-oil from alga fast pyrolysis were studied based on the molecular distillation. The composition of bio-oil and fractions was analyzed by GC-MS, and the thermal behavior of evaporation and decomposition was investigated using TG-FTIR. Fast pyrolysis of alga obtained a bio-oil yield of 20.54 % and a char yield of 31.12 % due to its low cellulose and hemicellulose content, and high lignin...
Biomass thermochemical conversion for liquid fuel rapidly growing attention and interest in China as it is perceived to offer significant security energy system in recent years. The liquid from biomass pyrolysis is known as bio-oil, pyrolysis oil, or bio-crude for short. Bio-oils will play an important role as fuels used in combustors,engines or gas turbines for power generation or transport fuel...
Elephant grass is a fast growing and low nutrient demand plant with significant potential as a renewable energy source. In this work, the influence of heating temperatures, N2 sweeping gas flow rates and CaCl2 catalyzer weights on the yields of products and chemical composition of bio-gas was investigated by pyrolysis and catalytic pyrolysis of elephant grass in a fixed bed reactor. The results showed...
Different kinds of biomass chars of the wheat straws, rice straw, cotton straw collected at Nanjing, China, were pyrolysed in a fixed bed reactor at different temperatures and heating rates. The specific area and pore structure, micromorphology of different biomass chars were measured by a nitrogen adsorption-desorption analysis instrument and scanning electron microscopy (SEM), respectively. The...
The copyrolysis of biomass/polyolefin mixture was performed to obtain gaseous hydrocarbons. The difference of the gaseous fractions was analyzed by gas chromatography (GC). The optimum condition for C3-C4 gases production was temperature 410°C, the biomass/polyolefin (in mass) mixtures ratio 1:1. At 410°C, the copyrolysis leaded to the production of more than 30% (in mass) of gases. It should be noted...
The pyrolytic decomposition study of four species of lignocellulosic biomass (pine, poplar, bass and birch) from the Northeast China was carried out by thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) under the temperature range from 30 to 800??C in the N2 atmosphere at four heating rates (??) of 10,20,40 and 60??C/min. The non-isothermal weight loss process of the above biomass samples was mainly composed of dehydration,...
Carboxylic acids were attributed to the corrosivity of bio-oil and catalytic esterification was carried out to convert carboxylic acids and reduce the bio-oil corrosivity. After upgrading by esterification with propanol on a developed catalyst, the upgraded bio-oil had a higher heating value and lower carboxylic acids content. The carboxylic acids content in the Volatile fraction of Bio-Oil (VBO)...
The yield and properties of bio-oil are influenced by the species of spray medium used in the biomass fast pyrolysis. In this study, the GC-MS analysis of the whole bio-oil and of the mixture with isoparaffin and ethanol respectively gave information about the influence of spray medium on bio-oil composition. It is found that isoparaffin, compared with ethanol, has a slighter impact on the bio-oil...
The experiment on smoldering gasification in woody biomass has been carried out with a horizontal packed bed. Gas chromatography is employed to analyze the concentration of CH4, H2, CO, CO2 and O2 in gas products of smoldering gasification. The affects of temperature, moisture concentration and air condition on the flammable compositions of gas products are discussed. It is concluded that gas products...
The objective of this study is to provide an innovation in pyrolysis technology to the recovery of liquid hydrocarbons from biomass solid wastes. A fixed-bed fire-tube heating pyrolysis reactor system has been designed and fabricated considering all of the process parameters and present engineers challenge. The available agricultural waste-jute stick in Bangladesh has been pyrolyzed in the internally...
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