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The fast development of wind power generation brings new necessary requirement for wind turbine to provide Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) capability. The paper introduces the models of Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG), converter and rotor active crowbar, and analyses characteristics of DFIG system with rotor active crowbar during grid voltage dip. A novel turn-on and turn-off control method...
This paper analyzes the transition characteristic of the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) during the grid fault, and the approximate short current calculation which is based on the fifth-order DFIG model is also introduced to support the analysis. A novel method which is easier and more accurate than the past ones is proposed to verify the low voltage ride through (LVRT) characteristic of the...
With the development of modern wind energy generation, higher requirements to the grid in case of a failure were raised. In order to faciliate the recovery of power, while voltage dips in a certain range, protecting the rotor side converter and providing reactive power to the grid are both needed according to the requirements. This paper takes DFIG for example, in order to protect the rotor side converter,...
This paper presents voltage transient analysis of a proposed 3MW permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) wind power generation system (WPGS) using a real time digital simulator (RTDS). The WPGS that is modeled with realtime digital simulator (RTDS) and RSCAD simulators are characterized for voltage transient analysis. Furthermore, a newly actual controller-hardware-in-the-loop simulation (CHILS)...
The Low Voltage Ride Through (LVRT) technology with low-speed direct-drive Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) is studied in this paper. Based on the system structure and its controller options, a class of LVRT control strategies are proposed in terms of energy flow, which can make sufficient use of power characteristics of wind turbine and the large moment inertia of the system to achieve...
This paper explores the performance of alternative voltage control strategy applied to direct drive synchronous wind generators, more specifically with permanent magnetic (PMSG). The reactive power control of the grid-side converter is investigated for voltage control purposes. In Brazil, the Grid National Operator (ONS) requires that wind turbines stay connected to the grid during voltage dips, but...
This paper describes the most recent German regulation on the integration of dispersed power generation into the medium and high voltage grid in terms of the latest grid codes. A special consideration is given to the advanced requirement on frequency control and dynamic voltage support. An overview on the status quo of certification regulations and implementation approaches in selected countries both...
This paper presents a flicker mitigation scheme for the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) during variable wind conditions. The flicker mitigation strategy was developed based on the distribution line X/R ratio and the active power deviation from the average active power during variable wind conditions. Flicker emission was analyzed using a flicker meter based on the IEC standards. Both short-term...
Wind energy conversion systems using the doubly-fed induction generator (DFIG) are the most commercialized topology worldwide, because this technology uses converters dimensioned for ±30% of the system rated power, thus reducing the equipment cost. The direct connection of the DFIG stator to the electrical system increases its sensitivity to grid disturbances. In this context, this paper analyzes...
Grid code requirements on wind power plant are becoming more stringent as the wind power penetration level increasing. In order to identify the risk of incompliance with grid code requirements at the planning stage of a wind power plant project, a standard grid code study process has been established in Vestas. The study process includes steady state load flow, short circuit studies and transient...
This paper presents analysis of voltage regulation by using STATCOM to reduce voltage fluctuation in the grid connected wind farms. A STATCOM is installed at the main bus of power system network, point of common coupling, (PCC), which wind turbine generator systems (WTGS) or wind farm is connected to the power system. STATCOM technology is shown to mitigate voltage fluctuation and to improve power...
In the last years, the wind power generation incorporated into standard grids has been increased significantly. This situation forced the revision of grid connection code requirements, to guarantee the reliability in systems with high wind power penetration. In case of three phase short circuit, voltage sags are observed near the point of failure, and characterized by a sudden voltage reduction and...
This paper proposes a novel control strategy for Doubly Fed Induction Generator (DFIG) based wind power system and Permanent Magnet Synchronous Generator (PMSG) based wind power system during grid voltage dips. Based on a comparative study, the rotor over-current of DFIG and DC-link over-voltage of PMSG are identified as two main issues during grid voltage dips. A novel control strategy is proposed...
This paper presents the Direct model reference adaptive internal model controller for doubly fed induction generator used in wind farms based on MIT Rule adjustment mechanism with dither injection. Direct model reference adaptive internal model controller is developed and it is tuned using MIT rule. Rotor current controller is designed using direct model reference adaptive internal model controller...
The Brushless Doubly-Fed Induction Generator (BDFIG) shows commercial promise as replacement for doubly-fed slip-ring generators for wind power applications by offering reduced capital and operational costs due to its brushless operation. In order to facilitate its commercial deployment, the capabilities of the BDFIG system to comply with grid code requirements have to be assessed. This paper, for...
This paper discusses the interconnection issues of variable speed permanent magnet synchronous generator (PMSG) connected to grid as per prevailing grid standards during healthy and fault conditions. The variable speed operation of PMSG has been demonstrated while feeding the real power to the grid keeping DC link voltage constant. Further, the fault ride-through capability of PMSG has been demonstrated...
Wind energy has reached remarkable shares in the electrical energy production in many countries worldwide. However, the connection of multi-megawatt wind farms leads to the necessity to examine the impact on the grid closely. The International Electrotechnical Commission (IEC) developed and released the IEC-standard 61400-21 as part of the IEC 61400 standards for testing and assessing power quality...
In presence of grid voltage dips, Low Voltage Ride-Through (LVRT) requirements demand the wind power plant to remain connected to the grid, helping the network to keep voltage and frequency stable. Neutral-point-clamped (NPC) converters are appropriate for wind power systems, because the current trend of increasing voltage levels. Predictive current control presents as fast dynamic response and accurate...
This paper deals with standard and legal requirements concerning electric power quality produced by wind power plants and with conditions under which electric energy transmission in the national electric power system can take place. The electric energy quality assessment is based on the case of Kamiensk Wind Power Plant and takes into consideration the following indices: variation in supply voltage,...
Wind energy penetration to the power market has been continuously increasing over the past decades. High penetration level requires the wind energy generation to be more reliable. For wind farms equipped with doubly fed induction generators (DFIGs), a successful low voltage ride-through scheme has been a key issue to achieve reliable and uninterrupted wind energy generation. This paper proposes a...
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