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Embedded applications in the field of wireless sensor nodes are becoming more and more sensitive to energy consumption. Actually, this latter not only depends on the autonomy of the hardware part of network elements but also on the applications they support. Designers must so take into account the constraint of energy consumption when specifying and designing an application. Instead of considering...
This article presents the hardware software co-optimized implementation of the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol for a Wireless image Sensor Network (WiSN) node SoC. In order to to minimize the power consumption and hardware software implementation cost, a power and cost aware partition scheme is introduced. Then the optimized hardware accelerator is designed and validated with software driver/stack based on...
This paper presents a SystemC-based system-level modeling framework for wireless sensor networks. Benefit from the advantages of SystemC in the aspect of hardware and software co-simulation, this modeling framework allows the performance evaluation of sensor networks at system-level with elaborate sensor node models. It is used to study an industrial application, in which an IEEE 802.15.4 sensor network...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) are being gradually introduced in different application scenarios. One of the main constraints for their deployment is energy consumption, as sensor nodes are usually stand alone battery-powered devices. For this reason, most efforts in research are being focused in energy-aware architectures and protocols. To aid in this search of most energy efficient strategies,...
This paper presents a single chip VLSI architecture of wireless image sensor node, which is constituted by an enhanced embedded 8051 microcontroller, a CMOS camera interface and hardware accelerators. The algorithms and control flows of the IEEE 802.15.4 MAC layer are accelerated by hardware, results in 45% less code size compared with the conventional software stack. An innovated CFA preprocessing...
The use of wireless industrial field devices (sensors and actuators) is gradually increasing. The easy installation and repositioning of these devices are the greatest motivators of this tendency. On the other hand, wave propagation phenomena, radio frequency coexistence and energy consumption are inherent difficulties that must be taken into account. The applied wireless communication protocol must...
In wireless sensor network nodes all tasks are controlled and scheduled by the CPU of the node. It is activated repeatedly from its low-power sleep mode for e.g., measurements and communications tasks. The periodic wake-ups cause a high overhead in power consumption. This problem can be solved by supplementing the CPU with additional modules which autonomously execute selected tasks to enable the...
Research in micro-electro-mechanical systems (MEMS) technology, wireless communications, and digital electronics has enabled the future emergence of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN). These systems consist of low-cost and low-power sensor nodes that communicate efficiently over short distances. It has been shown that power consumption is the biggest design constraint for such systems. Currently, WSN...
Wireless sensor networks usually require certain level of security, however there is lack of sensor nodes with cryptographic hardware build-in. We proved realization of cryptographic platform based on smart card-sensor node connection. Time complexity and power consumption of the platform was measured and compared to conventional software implementation. Our results showed low power demand and high...
Security is a key consideration when deploying wireless sensor networks (WSNs). Since the battery life confines the lifetime of a sensor node, power consumption is normally set as the first priority in developing security solutions. Due to the hardware resources constraint, lightweight cryptographic primitives are often implemented on sensor networks for ultra low power consumption. Apart from the...
Today's wirelessly networked embedded systems underlie a vast array of electronic devices, performing computation,communication, and input/output. A major design goal of these systems is energy efficiency. To achieve this goal, these systems are based on processors with numerous power and clock domains, variable clock rates, voltage scaling, and multiple hibernation states. These processors are designed...
Running strong cryptographic algorithms on wireless sensor nodes is extremely difficult due to their limited resources. Hardware accelerators are a suitable means to speed up the computation and reduce power consumption. The drawback of crypto ASICs is the loss of flexibility. In this paper we will shortly introduce a modular design of elliptic curve accelerators which allows to be adjusted to several...
Since the mid of 1990s, terrestrial wireless sensor network is developing quickly. However, constrained by certain characteristics of underwater acoustic channel such as limited available bandwidth and large propagation delays, which means development of underwater sensor networks, the extension of the concept of terrestrial wireless sensor network in ocean application, lags behind that of terrestrial...
This paper presents a systematic methodology for designing the adaptation policies of reconfigurable sensor networks. The work is motivated by the need to provide efficient sensing, processing, and networking capabilities under tight hardware, bandwidth, and energy constraints. The design flow includes two main steps: generation of alternative design points representing different performance-cost...
In sensor networks, it is useful for developers to simulate applications before actual deployment. In this paper, we report a high-fidelity instruction-level sensor network simulator using an accurate CC2420 model. This simulator is independent of the target node's operating system and it supports MICAz motes which contain Atmega128 and CC2420. Besides its cycle-accurate processor emulation, the CC2420's...
Networks consisting of many autonomous sensors are gaining importance. Most wireless sensors have small batteries and must therefore be designed to consume very little power. In this paper, an approach for whole-system simulation for ultra-low power wireless sensor networks is proposed. To be able to estimate the power consumption of the whole network, the simulation framework must not only simulate...
We propose the use of a reconfigurable hardware architecture to reduce the power consumption of small sensor node that has various sensors and wireless communication facilities, that were the result of an adaptive function specialization mechanism. Traditional sensor nodes must have had a powerful and multi functional Micro-Controller Unit (MCU) to satisfy the requirements for processing any kinds...
In this paper we present preliminary results regarding data processing approach to energy efficiency of wireless and untethered field programmable gate array (FPGA)-based embedded systems. Re-configurability of FPGA allows for significant flexibility in its applications to embedded systems. However, high power consumption (caused by such flexibility) influences the designing process significantly...
Wireless sensor node (WSN) lifetime is correlated with the battery current usage profile. State of the art in wireless sensor nodes current consumption shows that available models have not been extensively tested and experimentally validated. This work aims to seek answers to the following questions: is it accurate the node lifetime prediction obtained with available models? Moreover, is the radio...
Innovation in gateways for data gathering sensor networks has lagged compared to advances in mote-class devices, leaving us with a limited set of options for deploying such systems. In this paper we outline the system design of a gateway that meets the hardware and software demands of data gathering networks and present a prototype implementation of this design using the popular Stargate platform...
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