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The model of different level's sub-chronic aluminum intoxication in chickens was established by continuous peritoneal injection of fixed volume and different gradient aluminum trichloride (AlCl3). The apoptosis of cerebrum neurocytes was detected by agarose gel electrophor-esis, AO/EB double fluorescent staining and flow cytometry. The results showed that: (1) The typical apoptosis and necrosis of...
Imaging in awake, behaving animals is an emerging field that offers the advantage of being able to study physiological processes and structures in a more natural state than what is possible in tissue slices or even in anesthetized animals. To date, most imaging in awake animals has used optical fiber bundles or electrical cables to transfer signals to traditional imaging-system components. However,...
Currently, there are no widely used methods of optically recording rapid electrical events over a wide cortical area in freely moving animals. This paper presents an image sensor for recording electrical activity of large regions (4-9 mm2) of the nervous tissue at high speeds (> 500 Hz) using voltage sensitive dye imaging (VSDI) in freely moving animals. Each 75 mum x 75 mum pixel consists of a...
A 32 times 32 pixel image sensor in bulk CMOS process for use in a custom voltage sensitive dye imaging system is presented. The system is to be mounted on awake and freely moving animals in order to measure brain activity. The image sensor is capable of on-chip temporal-differencing using a storage capacitor on-chip. Temporal-differencing is used to reduce the stress on the overall readout circuitry...
We present the detailed imaging of structures and processes of the nematode Caenorhabditis elegans (C. elegans) using non-linear microscopy (TPEF-SHG-THG). Consummative and specific information about the anatomy of the nematode was collected by implementing a combination of THG, SHG and TPEF image contrast modalities on the same microscope. Additionally, 3-D reconstruction of TPEF and THG images was...
The olfactory bulb (OB) is the first stage of olfactory information processing in the brain. On its way to the cortex, odor information is encoded in spatiotemporal maps of activated loci in the bulb, and these are known as input maps. Using optical recording techniques, experimental neuro-scientists can reveal the input maps by applying response-dependent fluorescent dyes to the OB of rodents and...
We introduce minimally invasive multiphoton fluorescence microendoscopes (350-1000 /spl mu/ in diameter) based on compound microlenses. We demonstrate multiphoton endoscopy in live animals by visualizing rodent hippocampal neurons and dendrites.
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