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The data center industry focuses on initiatives to reduce its enormous energy consumption and to minimize its adverse environmental impact. Modular data centers provide considerable operational flexibility in that they are mobile and are manufactured using standard containers. This paper develops steady-state energy and exergy destruction models for modular data centers with the open-source EnergyPlus...
The transient modeling of cross flow heat exchangers requires the use of complicated analytical solutions or complex numerical schemes to solve the set of coupled partial differential equations representing the air, coolant and wall temperatures. Since most of the dynamic mass flow or temperature perturbations encountered in data center environment are slow compared with the timescale of the heat...
Power consumption continues to remain a critical aspect for High Performance Computing (HPC) data centers. It becomes even more crucial for Exascale computing since scaling today's fastest system to an Exaflop level would consume more than 168 MW power which is 8 times higher than the 20 MW power consumption goal set, at the time of this publication, by the US Department of Energy. This naturally...
Data center evolved to become large power consumers. Its supporting infrastructure, such as cooling and power distribution, consumes resources e.g. electric power and money. In fact, most money is spent on power conditioning and cooling systems. Therefore, the efficiency of data center and power quality are important topics and can be addressed by careful design. There is a need for research into...
An uninterruptible power supply is the most important part of the Data Center, linking between the main power supply and end sensitive load, to provide imperative protection against power disruptions. The main UPS preferred choices for protecting critical loads in Data Center are (Double Conversion Online UPS and Flywheel UPS system). But for the Data Center managers and operators selecting the right...
Dynamic resource provisioning becomes a practical approach to achieving high thermal and energy efficiency, improving scalability, and optimizing reliability for e-commercial applications running in modern data centers. In this paper, we propose a self-adjusting model called TERN to predict thermal behaviors of hardware resources for client sessions. Our TERN contains two major components: (1) a resource...
This study illustrates basic guidelines for integrating empirical measurements to state of the art modeling approaches; that can be used to improve the accuracy of physics based data center CFD models. Experimental measurements gathered in a new research dedicated data center laboratory are used to guide an advanced approach to CFD modeling, the intent is to come up with a validated predictive model...
Data centers and their cooling efficiency have become the subject of much attention in recent years. While some new high-efficiency data centers adopt designs that do not rely on cooling distribution via a raised floor plenum, many still do. In any case, the predominant cooling approach for the average data center is to use a raised floor. The increasing focus on cooling efficiency has resulted in...
Concerted efforts are being made by data center professionals to ensure that data centers are made more sustainable by reducing energy consumption. The combination of increasing IT workloads and packaging densities place stringent requirements on data center cooling systems. Various traditional airflow management technologies have been implemented that propose significant energy savings as well as...
In this work dynamic numerical models for server, rack, and Computer Room Air Handler (CRAH) are developed and used in a room level Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) model. The effect of server, rack, and Computer Room Air Handler (CRAH) heat capacity is investigated in cases of server power fluctuations and CRAH failure situations.
In this work, thermal capacity of servers and racks are implemented in a room level model of a data center. The effect of modeling the thermal capacity on common dynamic scenarios is demonstrated. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) server level model is developed and validated using available experimental data. The server level model is incorporated in a CFD room level model. The room level model...
Gas District Cooling (GDC) provides electricity and chilled water to facilities with relatively low running cost and has the potential to reduce CO2 emission as it can make effective use of wasted energy. However, the present CO2 emission tends to be higher than expected due to the chilled water supply-demand gap. To efficiently manage the gap, this paper introduces a novel chilled water supply-demand...
Enclosed aisle data centers with bypass recirculation have previously been shown to reduce significantly the cooling infrastructure's power consumption compared to a typical open-aisle configuration. Enclosed aisle configurations also facilitate IT load placement through so-called thermally aware, energy-optimized virtualization. The formidable problem of optimal workload placement, which has received...
In our days, data centers provide the global community with an indispensable service: nearly unlimited access to almost any kind of information by supporting Internet services such as Web hosting or E-commerce services. With the increasing demand of information, data centers consume a great amount of energy. The resulting high utility costs is reason enough to address power consumption. In this paper...
This paper will describe two recent advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling as it pertains to data center design. In particular, the paper will define the use of the Capture Index (CI) in data center analysis, and will discuss the importance of accurately modeling coolers. Secondly, the article will describe Mentor Graphics' own $30M data center project currently in development. Two...
While data grids can provide the ability to solve large-scale applications which require the processing of large amounts of data, they have been recognized as extremely energy inefficient. Computing elements can be located far away from the data storage elements. A common solution to improve availability and file access time in such environments is to replicate the data, resulting in the creation...
Today's data centers consume vast amounts of energy, leading to high operational costs, excessive water consumption, and significant greenhouse gas emissions. With the approach of micro grids, an opportunity exists to reduce the environmental impact and cost of power in data centers. To realize this, demand side power consumption needs to be understood and co-managed from the perspectives of both...
Data centers now play an important role in modern IT infrastructures. Related research has shown that the energy consumption for data center cooling systems has recently increased significantly. There is also strong evidence to show that high temperatures with in a data center will lead to higher hardware failure rates and thus an increase in maintenance costs. This paper devotes itself in the field...
High density blade servers are a popular technology for data centers, however, the heat dissipation density of data centers increases exponentially. There is strong evidence to support that high temperatures of such data centers will lead to higher hardware failure rates and thus an increase in maintenance costs. Improperly designed or operated data centers may either suffer from overheated servers...
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