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This study illustrates basic guidelines for integrating empirical measurements to state of the art modeling approaches; that can be used to improve the accuracy of physics based data center CFD models. Experimental measurements gathered in a new research dedicated data center laboratory are used to guide an advanced approach to CFD modeling, the intent is to come up with a validated predictive model...
Data centers and their cooling efficiency have become the subject of much attention in recent years. While some new high-efficiency data centers adopt designs that do not rely on cooling distribution via a raised floor plenum, many still do. In any case, the predominant cooling approach for the average data center is to use a raised floor. The increasing focus on cooling efficiency has resulted in...
Cloud computing has recently received considerable attention, as a promising approach for delivering ICT services by improving the utilisation of data centre resources. On the other hand, the increased usage of ICT, jointly with the increased cost of energy, make designing and managing data centres with energy efficient strategies a crucial and strategical problem. In the literature there are many...
Concerted efforts are being made by data center professionals to ensure that data centers are made more sustainable by reducing energy consumption. The combination of increasing IT workloads and packaging densities place stringent requirements on data center cooling systems. Various traditional airflow management technologies have been implemented that propose significant energy savings as well as...
In an effort to improve the reliability and efficiency of data centers, racks and sometimes entire hot aisles are ducted to a dropped ceiling. The cooling performance of such systems strongly depends on IT and cooler airflow, the number and configuration of ducted objects and perforated ceiling tiles, the leakiness of the ceiling system, ceiling plenum depth, and other factors. Recently, a compact...
In this work, thermal capacity of servers and racks are implemented in a room level model of a data center. The effect of modeling the thermal capacity on common dynamic scenarios is demonstrated. A Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) server level model is developed and validated using available experimental data. The server level model is incorporated in a CFD room level model. The room level model...
Data centers require vast amounts of energy for keeping the servers cool at optimal operating temperatures. Recent research has focused on improving the cooling efficiency, and thereby lowering the energy consumption, through different rack arrangements and modifying the air-flow patterns. Thus far, this has been done using computational fluid dynamics (CFD) models as access to a real data centers...
There is strong interest in being able to predict the air thermal distribution in data centers to have a better understanding of the problem so that cooling energy can be reduced. As experimental studies in data centers require exhaustive measurement efforts, CFD presents an alternative solution. A few of these studies were validated against experimental data, and relatively large errors were found...
The prediction of flow and temperature in data center operation is of particular importance in creating better capacity utilization and lower capital costs. However, it is often a time- and computing-intensive task, and would be well served by more expeditious modeling methods than full Computational Fluid Dynamic (CFD) thermofluidic models. A software package named COMPACT (Compact Model of Potential...
We present a simplified model for predicting key data-center temperatures, such as those of rack inlets and cooler returns. If the primary airflow streams into and out of all racks and coolers are known, these airflow values can be combined with the assumption of a well-mixed room ambient volume to create a simplified, but energy-balanced, set of temperature equations. Since the temperature estimates...
Feature visualization plays an important role in visualization of complicated flows because it can highlight the feature of the flows with a simplified representation. The traditional feature visualization methods may exact some important features in flow field imprecisely due to the lack of the knowledge and the experience of the user. This paper gives a particle-based visualization system which...
This paper will describe two recent advances in Computational Fluid Dynamics (CFD) modeling as it pertains to data center design. In particular, the paper will define the use of the Capture Index (CI) in data center analysis, and will discuss the importance of accurately modeling coolers. Secondly, the article will describe Mentor Graphics' own $30M data center project currently in development. Two...
The development of supersonic retro-propulsion, an enabling technology for heavy payload exploration missions to Mars, is the primary focus for the present paper. A new experimental model, intended to provide computational fluid dynamics model validation data, was recently designed for the Langley Research Center Unitary Plan Wind Tunnel Test Section 2. Pre-test computations were instrumental for...
A simulation-based tool which creates mathematical functions that statistically model aircraft responses during various user-selectable wake encounters is presented. A wake vortex is created as a result of aircraft wings moving through the viscous air. The methods currently available to minimize the influence of wake vortices on the trailing aircraft can often impact airport capacity. As such, it...
Due to rising thermal concerns from increasing power densities and industry demands for shorter development cycle times, we have developed quick solutions to assess the thermal performance of the FBGA package, one of the most widespread package options. We have designed a user friendly tool that provides a quick estimation of the junction to ambient thermal resistance of the FBGA package under JEDEC...
Numerical simulation was carried out on the High Temperature Air Combustion of coal gas in an industrial furnace with a multi-jet burner. A Beta-function PDF (Probability Density Function) combustion model was selected to simulate the gas combustion combined with the standard k-ε turbulent model. The radiation was simulated by a Discrete Ordinates method. Thermal NOx model was used to calculate NO...
An improved CFD model is presented to predict the thermal field in a small data center test cell. CFD analysis reported in an earlier paper tended to exaggerate hot and cold spots in a small data center test cell as a result of the inability of the CFD model to predict the correct level of mixing of the cold air emanating from the perforated floor tiles and the warmer room air. The same can be said...
According to characteristics of fully mechanized top-coal caving face and related survey date, a mathematical model of dust movement was derived from gas-solid two-phase flow theory. Numerical simulation of the dust concentration was made with CFD software FLUENT. The result matches well with the related survey date and shows that most of the dust move with the wind and little disperses at random...
In aerospace engineering, simulation is a key technology. Examples are pre-design studies, optimization, systems simulation, or mission simulations of aircrafts and space vehicles. These kinds of complex simulations need two distinct technologies. First, highly sophisticated simulation codes for each involved discipline (for example, codes for computational fluid dynamics, structural analysis, or...
The study objective is to develop a visual simulation software that is user friendly to show pollutant diffusion laws in a kitchen, which is based on the programming technology of OpenGL on VC++6.0 platform; modify the measured data and find the best area and find the best location and method to control pollutants. We set up theoretically mathematic model of pollutant diffusion. The pollutants are...
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