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One of the most promising technologies that will be used for charging Electric Vehicles (EVs) is wireless charging. By employing this technology, an EV is able to charge its battery without the need to stop. The charging stations should authenticate the EVs before allowing them to charge their batteries. Traditional digital signature reveals the real identity of the driver and degrades the location...
Unmanned aerial vehicles, or drones, have the potential to significantly reduce the cost and time of making last-mile deliveries and responding to emergencies. Despite this potential, little work has gone into developing vehicle routing problems (VRPs) specifically for drone delivery scenarios. Existing VRPs are insufficient for planning drone deliveries: either multiple trips to the depot are not...
The number of connected devices — also known as Internet of Things (IoT) — is exponentially increasing. Such sensors and devices also appear in transportation systems giving some intelligence to roads, equipment and vehicles. Nowadays, it is possible to communicate with the environment in order to have better everyday services. Furthermore, the number of registered — public or private — Electric Vehicle...
The fear of climate change encourages countries to work internationally on common plans to try stop the world wide temperature rise, as was seen in 2015 on the “United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change, 21st Conference of the Parties”. The main objective is to avoid emission of greenhouse gases. Traffic is one major source of greenhouse gas emissions, however this sector offers deployment...
As a promising alternative toward green transportation, the electric vehicle (EV) technology is regaining attention from the public. A technology emerged more than a century ago, EV failed in its several encounters with the gas powered cars and the efforts to penetrate the market. Though much progress has been made in the past decade, the wide adoption of EVs is still in question. Through a review...
For the Dutch Ministry for Infrastructure and the Environment data of plug-in vehicles was collected. Data concerning fueling and charging of plug-in vehicles is collected from lease companies, a fuel-pass company, and the charging infrastruture organisation. More than 10% of the total Dutch plug-in fleet is covered. The electricity data is insufficient to derive a real-world electricity use, e.g...
From the years 2009–2012 about 330 battery-electric passenger cars (M1) and light-duty vehicles (N1) were operated in a large-scale demonstration project in Hamburg, Germany's second largest city (pop. 1.8m). The vehicles were used in commercial fleets and businesses with half of the vehicles being deployed in large enterprises and the other half at authorities and public enterprises as well as SME...
The history of electric vehicle dissemination in Norway is a successful one. Its 5 million inhabitants are already one of the biggest electric vehicle user nations in the world. The number of vehicles recently passed 12.000. It is expected that a total of 20.000 to 40.000 electric vehicles will be on the road in Norway in 2015 and 60.000 to 80.000 in 2020. Many of them will establish a clear link...
Electric Vehicle has been an international trend so various industries try to evaluate EV cost and commercial viability to get into this market. This study lists each cost parameter that may affect companies' acceptability of market transference from traditional fuel vehicle to Electric Vehicle (EV). Three types of cost parameters are included and they transferable costs, fixed cost, and variable...
Within the framework of the accompanying scientific research of a fleet test with more than 100 Electric Vehicles (EV, predominantly battery EV) in the French-German border region a user acceptance study is accomplished focusing on transnational trips. Most of the EV are fleet vehicles in companies or public authorities and are used by several persons which increases the potential for the size of...
This work presents a study of how the automotive industry has responded in the last 20 years to pressures driven by economic and environmental issues, and by the transition towards electric mobility. Timelines for the major German automotive OEMs are presented to understand the industry's behaviour in the past in order to design suitable policies that are appropriate to reach future goals around the...
Government and commercial fleets are widely targeted as an ideal market for plug-in electric vehicles (PEVs). However, the reasons are often based on misconceptions regarding past purchases behaviour and misunderstood operational considerations [1]. PEVs do have attributes that are valued by organizations, as we learned from drivers, fleet managers and company decision makers who had the opportunity...
Numerous studies have already demonstrated the benefits and social relevance of electric vehicles. But why EVs are not yet visible in our streets? To provide an answer to this question the Flemish government has set up five living labs for the deployment of electric vehicles in 2011. Several studies presented in literature are focused on the consumer and his/her perception, but rarely take into account...
This work aims was to assess electric vehicle (EV) user's motivations, daily patterns and vehicle operation and management. The project was promoted by EMEL — Lisbon's mobility and parking management company, and was publicized among Lisbon's EV user's, who were offered, as an incentive, a green permit which allowed them to park for free in the city's metropolitan central area. Data was gathered over...
With the aim to improve technologies for EV or new energy industries and to create society with low environmental impact, Akita Prefecture has carried out the “EV Bus Technology Improvement Project”. The project developed an Akita-original electric bus and it further aims to operate the E-Bus on regular bus routes throughout the year.
To enhance the transition to electrified vehicles, such as PHEVs, the use patterns of cars need to be well understood and thus information about individual vehicle's movements over longer time periods is needed. This is of major importance for instance for optimal powertrain and battery design, estimation of consumer viability and potential for PHEVs and for assessment of policies for shifting energy...
This paper presents four innovative business models that are being developed in three countries to support the commercialisation of electric vehicles (EV). Using an original business model framework and interviews with EV company founders and directors, we analyse partnership strategies along the EV value chain (France and US) and the coexistence of competing business models (China). Findings emphasise...
This study analyses the real-world usage of electric vehicles (EVs) in the French-German border region in commercial fleets in a field operational test with more than 100 EVs. Android smartphones are employed as data loggers in the vehicles for GPS data and additional trip data. It is shown from the analysis of about 3,000 trips that the EVs are as pool vehicles dominantly chosen for short trips with...
Market development of electric vehicles in the coming years is a highly relevant issue for many stakeholders, e.g. automobile- and energy-industry, investors as well as policy makers and the public. The market forecasts, however, differ strongly and underlying assumptions are often hard to find. Furthermore, for stakeholders from such diverse fields it can be difficult to convey their own assumptions...
The purpose of this research paper is to extend business ecosystem theories into the emerging industries, through conducting multiple case studies with firms along the supply chain of the Chinese Electric Vehicle Industry, as well as the policy makers and associated industrial players. The constructive elements of the emerging EV business ecosystem have been identified, such that the business ecosystem...
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