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In wireless multihop networks, a sequence of data messages are transmitted along a predetermined wireless multihop transmission route. Collisions among wireless transmission signals from the intermediate wireless nodes cause reduction of the end-to-end data message throughput. Hence, avoidance and/or reduction of collisions between 2-hop neighbor intermediate nodes due to the hidden terminal problem...
Clustering prolongs energy resources, improves scalability and preserves communication bandwidth. Clustering is either classified as static and dynamic or as equal and unequal. In cluster based routing protocols that employ multi-hop communication, imbalanced energy consumption among the nodes results in hot-spots. Unequal clustering overcomes hot-spots but requires a high overhead and is prone to...
In wireless multihop networks, a sequence of data messages are transmitted along a predetermined wireless multihop transmission route. Collisions among wireless transmission signals from the intermediate wireless nodes cause reduction of the end-to-end data message throughput. Hence, avoidance and/or reduction of collisions between 2-hop neighbor intermediate nodes due to the hidden terminal problem...
For fault-tolerant wireless ad-hoc networks, detection and notification of failure of intermediate wireless nodes are critical. Until now, various failure detection and notification methods for recovery such as timeout and watchdog have been proposed for stop failure and Byzantine failure restricted to different data message transmissions. In order to avoid desperate cases such that correctly working...
The limited battery supply of sensor nodes is one of the most important factors which restrict the lifetime of the wireless sensor networks (WSNs). As a consequence, the wide deployment of WSNs in the recent years led to the necessity of extending the lifetime through energy efficient mechanisms. Previous studies have shown that instead of implementing direct transmission in a WSN field to collect...
In order to balance the energy consumption of the wireless sensor network(W SN), this paper studies the traditional routing protocol HEED, and proposed an inter-cluster multi-hop routing protocol NHEED (A New kind of multi-hop routing protocol based on HEED). To process the isolate node product by HEED, the NHEED use a method add the isolate node to nearest cluster, which decrease the cluster head...
Energy conservation and load balancing of the sensor nodes are the important issues considered in the design of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN). By using clustering approach, the energy consumption of nodes in the network can be decreased thereby increasing its lifetime. In various multi-hop cluster-based routing protocols, nodes nearer to the Base Station (BS) exhaust their energy quickly than other...
Power consumption of routing protocols is one of the main issues that wireless sensor networks (WSNs) encounter in their lifetime. Low-Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH) clustering protocol was introduced to reduce power consumption. However, in LEACH, power consumption increases massively as the distance between sink node and cluster heads (CHs) increases. This drawback introduces distance...
For multimedia data message transmission with QoS requirement, reservation of capacity in advance is required. The labeling method is one of the most well-known heuristic methods for achieving the maximum capacity from a source node to a destination one provided in wired networks with limited link capacity. Here, capacity increasing routes are detected one-by-one and the method avoids the local-maximum...
Wireless Sensor Network is utilized as a part of numerous applications like defense application, surrounding observing, traffic, security, modern detecting, smart homes, computing framework security, etc. In each utilization of wireless sensor network energy is the scare assets of nodes. It drains more energy in transmissions and processing. For the purpose of conserving node's energy round robin...
Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of a large number of low-power, limited-processing capability, MEMS (Micro-Electromechanically Systems) capable of measuring and reporting physical variables related to their environment. WSN (p,n) is a wireless sensor network of p sensors with n items (information) distributed on it. The aim of the permutation routing is to route to each sensor, its n/p items...
Wireless multihop networks consist of numbers of wireless nodes. Hence, introduction of failure detection and recovery is mandatory. Until now, various failure detection and recovery methods such as route switch and multiple routes detection have been proposed based on an assumption with stop failure model. However, the assumption that failed wireless nodes never transmit any messages too restricts...
Underwater wireless sensor networks (UWSNs) are meant to be deployed at the areas that need to be monitored continuously without the human assistance. Therefore, these networks are expected to stay operational for a longer period of time. However, sensor nodes in these networks are equipped with limited energy (e.g., battery) resources. Moreover, uneven energy consumption is one of the biggest challenges...
Wireless multihop networks consist of numbers of wireless nodes. Hence, introduction of failure detection and recovery is mandatory. Until now, various failure detection and recovery methods such as route switch and multiple routes detection have been proposed based on an assumption with stop failure model. However, the assumption that failed wireless nodes never transmit any messages is too restrict...
Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) are the networks in which many tiny sensor nodes are deployed in the targeted region to form networks. The sensor nodes collect the information about physical or chemical phenomenon and transfer this information towards the base station for further processing. To achieve a high throughput in unreliable wireless links, Opportunistic Routing (OR) collaborate all the sensor...
Wireless Sensor Network is an infrastructure less network consisting of small, lightweight, low power, and inexpensive wireless sensor nodes which gather and propagate the environmental data. Different routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks for efficient routing. Each protocol has its own way of routing which vary from each other in terms of the parameters selected or the...
Due to limited sensor nodes energy in wireless sensor network, it is very important to save the energy for prolonging networks lifetime. Clustering is a successful approach in wireless sensor network, which can increases network lifetime and scalability. A multihop routing protocol based on grid clustering is proposed to improve networks performance in wireless sensor network. Detailed analysis and...
In wireless sensor networks (WSNs), reducing sensor node energy consumption and increasing network lifetime are becoming more and more challenging due to large scale. Hierarchical protocols, especially Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy (LEACH), are considered as the best energy-efficient for WSNs. However, LEACH need to be enhanced to support scalability in large WSNs. In this paper, we propose...
Recent technological advances in communication sector have resulted in the development and improvement of wireless sensor networks consisting of low cost, low power and smaller multi-functional sensor units. Limited battery life of sensor nodes is one of the critical issues in wireless sensor networks. Energy dissipation for data transfer from nodes to base station is the crucial cause of energy depletion...
Wireless Body Area Networks (WBANs) are playing promising role in healthcare field by allowing remote monitoring of patients. In such networks, designing a energy efficient routing topology is of main concern. For this purpose, we propose CEMob, Critical data transmission in Emergency with Mobility support in WBANs, as a routing layer protocol. CEMob avoid continuous transmission of information, thereby,...
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