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The use of licensed spectrum by Cognitive Radio (CR) enabled secondary users (SUs) impacts the Quality-of-Service (QoS) and ultimately, the revenue earned by Primary User (PU) license holders. It is therefore important to find appropriate pricing models for pricing spectrum for access by CR-based networks. Pricing of CR access rights can be modeled as an investment problem, which raises the issue...
The renewable energy source has become the important composition of the energy strategy in the developed countries and it is also the important method for the lower carbon economics development in these counties. All these come from the specific characteristics of the renewable energy, such as the advantages of both environment and application. However, it is still the starting stage for the application...
Real estate market is a complex system. As an important part of it, the determination of price relates to the developers' investment income[1]. Therefore, how to scientifically determine the selling price of real estate projects is that all developers have to face, as well as the problem that customers widespread concerned. In this study, we described several key models in current market and analyzed...
Although third-party payment industry has experienced significant development in recent decade, it still seems to be a long way for people to find the proper profit model. As to third-party payment industry which is a newly market with characteristics of externality, many problems encountered during the development of this industry can't be solved using traditional economy theory, especially for the...
In this article we propose a pricing model for MVNE supporting MVNO's investment in 3G UMTS networks. We also investigate and conceptualize the relationship among MNO, MVNE, MVNO, and other related variables in the proposed pricing model. The concept of Mobile Virtual Network Operators (MVNO) arose. Some of them are just new brands and do not own any telecommunications equipment. Other companies do...
In this article we propose a pricing model for MNO and MVNO's investment in 3G UMTS networks. We also investigate and conceptualize the relationship among MNO, MVNO, and other related variables in the proposed pricing model. Next, we develop the influence diagrams representing MNO and MVNO and use them to explore the relationship of total costs, total revenues, and net profit. This diagram is used...
How to get the real value of State-owned enterprises in foreign mergers and acquisitions activity, which directly affects not only the success of M&A(mergers and acquisitions) activity but also concerns the protection of national interests. The value of State-owned enterprises was divided into two parts, Self-value and M&A-added value in this paper by using RIV (residual income valuation)...
China's old-age security system is facing more and more serious challenge from aging population. So it is important to study the feasibility of implementing the reverse mortgage (RM) business in China. This paper compares two types of RM pricing models (non-redeemable RM and redeemable RM), under taking account of borrowers' uncertain expectation. Through theoretical analysis and empirical simulating...
Construction industry is an important material production sectors of the national economy, it has been an important pillar industry in China's economic development. Though the subprime mortgage crisis in the U.S. in 2008 has brought great impact on the global economy, large numbers of strong measures of domestic demand expansion issued China government which promoted stable and rapid economic growth...
Real options method has been increasingly used in value assessment and decision-making of investment projects. However, the determination of volatility factor in the pricing model is still an open issue. In this paper, system dynamics approach is presented, to set a model on influencing factors and decision-making process of uncertain investment projects. Acquire different volatility data of project...
In this paper we propose a pricing model for MNO and MVNO's investment in 3G UMTS networks. We also investigate and conceptualize the relationship among MNO, MVNO, and other related variables in the proposed pricing model based on the growth and expansion of 3G UMTS networks market in Thailand. Next, we develop the influence diagrams representing MNO and MVNO and use them to explore the relationship...
Cloud computing aims to give users virtually unlimited pay-per-use computing resources without the burden of managing the underlying infrastructure. We claim that, in order to realize the full potential of cloud computing, the user must be presented with a pricing model that offers flexibility at the requirements level, such as a choice between different degrees of execution speed and the cloud provider...
The paper breaks the routine and makes a new exploration in office rental pricing. Merging the Hedonic model and the characteristics pricing, building effective multi-linear function of the form of office Hedonic models, abstracting the most important impact factor through the model, and estimating rental prices of offices. And then based on the most significant factor in choice of examples to use...
This paper offers a model that asset price is a comprehensive function by the confidence, signal and market. To measure the abnormal variation of price, we cite and improve a pricing model ever only on overconfidence and expand it to both under- and overconfidence. New pricing model implies, under market prosperous, investors are average overconfident and security price reacts more drastically to...
Cash flow is the basis of value evaluations of listed companies. Based on the complete sample data from the Shanghai and Shenzhen Stock Markets during the year 1998-2005, we compared the value correlations among CFO, FCF and TCF using pricing model and benefit model, and found the value correlation of CFO, and then analyzed the differences of the value correlation of cash flows in different years.
Convertible bond is a hybrid derivative security, involving the characteristics of both common corporate bonds and stocks. With the common pricing model, the market price be always underestimated. As a result, it debases the reliability of the models. Based on set-pair-analysis method, this paper chooses B-S model and option exchanges model to identify and modify them. Adopted by the empirical test,...
In the market-oriented grid system, price management is one of the key issues. This paper proposes a hedonic pricing mechanism based on dynamic alliance to calculate the guiding prices for Grid resources. Hedonic Pricing Method is widely applied in price management in economic field. In our pricing model, it is applied to define the reasonable prices of Grid resources. The mechanism disaggregates...
It is well known that stable risk in supply chain is absolutely necessary for enterprises, so how to maintain stable risk in supply system becomes an important content in SCM. Because supply chain system itself is a very complex system, the interacting relationship among key factors in this system must be studied in order to grasp accurately and forecast its running rules. In this paper, a model based...
The anticipation of the amount of the losses generated by natural disasters is of maximum importance for insurers. We present a method to determine insurance premiums for catastrophic risks. This method takes into account: statistical data reflected in the yearly average compensation index, an appropriate time period in which the insurance company retrieves the financial losses incurred by the payment...
In this paper, we make a survey on the research of time-of-use (TOU) electricity price and TOU pricing models and methods in China. We summarize the basic idea, hypothesis and the general model of the following pricing models: (1) TOU pricing model based on user response, (2) pricing model based on the user response and customer satisfaction, (3) pricing model based on the linkage between the generation...
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