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This paper is focused on optimization of electrical properties of 50 ohm stripline which was described in international standard for the automotive industry ISO 11452-5. The standard shows the dimension of the stripline but information about impedance matching is missing — and this information is crucial for a power amplifier connection, especially in terms of VSWR parameter. In this paper connection...
The work is devoted to the analysis of the shortcomings of existing connectors for connection of FFS and FPC cables. The design of a new type of connector is proposed and the minimum possible dimensions are calculated.
This paper introduces the first embedded Smart Connector (SmartCo) able to detect and locate incipient defect caused by various origins such as chafing, bending radius, pinching, cable movement, etc., and this even in complex wiring networks. Based on Orthogonal Multi-tone Time Domain Reflec-tometry (OMTDR) technology, the SmartCo uses the test signal not only to generate the reflectometry signal,...
There may be many cases when it is necessary to repair broken conductors in the medium voltage grid. There are many types of conductor connectors to do that, but especially their long-term properties may vary in a wide range.
Efficient antennas were achieved at 2.4 GHz and 5.8 GHz in which a transparent conductor, ITO, was deposited on only one side of the glass through sputtering. Antenna structures including grid, loop, and split ring monopoles were also designed and tested. An ITO layer of 650 nm was needed to consistently maintain a sheet resistance of 10 ohms/square or less to reduce antenna losses. A 100 nm aluminum...
As part of the Best Paths project, work package 6 of the DEMO #4 combines the R&D tasks for repowering of transmission overhead line corridors. The aim of the presented research work is the electrical and mechanical investigation of high temperature low sag conductors (HTLS) and their respective accessories. In contrast to the conventional ACSR (aluminum conductor steel reinforced) conductors,...
Definitions, service conditions, ratings, interchangeable construction features, and tests are established for loadbreak and deadbreak separable insulated connector systems for use on power distribution systems rated 2.5 kV through 35 kV and 900 A or less.
Multi-physics coupled FEM model is developed for evaluating contact degradation of gas insulated bus (GIB) plug-in connector under short circuit current impact. Contact spring is assumed as elastic spring element and contact spot is simulated by contact bridge model. Thermal/mechanical characteristics of plug-in connector with typical assembly conditions (conductor insert depth/angle) under short...
This paper provides a summary of the testing of Underwriters Laboratories (UL) certified connectors to the electrical requirements of IEC 62561-1, Edition 1. The connectors were tested in configurations interconnecting Class I UL-certified stranded conductors. A discussion of deviations to the pass/fail criteria is provided along with recommendations on modifications to IEC 62561-1, including considerations...
In this paper, a physics based connector model that consists of coaxial lines with different characteristic impedances and lengths is proposed. Method of Moments (MoM) analysis was performed using commercial electromagnetic simulation software, FEKO, for transverse electric and magnetic (TEM) wave propagation through the connector to optimize its physical parameters to fit its measured S parameters.
The contact resistance is the key variable that characterizes the stable performance and long-term service of an electrical connection. It is worth noting that the contact resistance in substation connectors can be several times that of the connector's resistance. To reduce connection losses and thus decrease connector's operating temperature, it is important to minimize contact resistance. The aim...
Rijeka refinery has built in year 2010. new hidrocracker complex unit as a part of refinery modernization project. This was time when complete new approach in term modern communication protocols was introduced in a field of instrumentation equipment communication. Protocol name is FOUNDATION Fieldbus which by very common definition represent an all-digital, serial, two-way communications system that...
The paper concerns the design of calibration/verification standards suitable for a system developed to be capable of measuring extreme impedances. Values of standard impedances cover the range from 5 kΩ to approx. 200 kΩ. The paper focuses on selecting a structure compatible with an APC-7 connector and its optimization taking into account also the presence of higher order modes and technology demands...
In this paper we propose a new technological solution for crimping, to increase the quality of crimped connections by reducing the contact resistance and increasing the connection reliability. The method use two adjacent crimp indents in opposite sides. To evaluate the quality of crimped connections we make experimental determinations of contact resistance corresponding to two crimp method: the first...
A low-loss all-semiconductor metamaterial-based optical circuit board with optical inductors, capacitors, insulators and conductors at the microscale is proposed, which can always hold band-stop filtering function for various polarized waves.
A conical quad-mode antenna excited through four orthogonal transverse electromagnetic modes is presented. The radiation characteristics of each mode are validated through measurements, illustrating the complimentary nature of the four far-field radiation patterns through which near-hemispherical field-of-view coverage can be achieved.
One of the main problems that arises when performing short-circuit tests to large loops involving substation connectors is the inductive component of the loop impedance. Transformers used to perform short-circuit tests have a secondary winding with very few turns, producing a very low output voltage. The increase in the reactive component of the impedance, which is related to loop size, limits the...
A simple and cheap coaxial microwave rotary joint covering frequencies from 1 to 21 GHz is described. Measured typical insertion loss is 0.7 dB, return loss stays better than 10 dB and the rotating torque requirement is 26 mNm. Maximum variation of attenuation as a function of rotating angle is 0.5 dB. Operation up to 37 GHz has been tried with loss values around 2 dB, typical.
This paper presents works on measurement and characterization of coaxial air dielectric transmission lines (air lines) at the National Metrology Centre (NMC) of the Agency for Science, Technology and Research (A*STAR) of Singapore. The air line is one of the realizable and calculable impedance standards directly traceable to the national standard of length. Diameters of two beadless air lines of 7...
Electromagnetic radiation for a commercial printed circuit board (PCB) connector is investigated in this paper. The simulation models of the connector are shown to be validated by comparing measured and simulated S-parameters. Analytical formulas are provided to calculate the total loss and the radiated power from a PCB/connector structure when material losses are known. The total power loss for the...
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