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In silico models are often constructed to aid in the understanding of disease and the production of relevant intervention strategies. Several existing models study the acute inflammatory response, which is of importance in multiple organ dysfunction syndrome and sepsis, both of which have high mortality rates. However, no current model of inflammation considers the unique secretory dynamics of cortisol...
We report on the development of a novel in vitro, multi-compartmental, three-dimensional, Human Skin Tissue Experimental Model (HISTEM) using three-dimensional free form fabrication (3DFFF). The availability of this model is expected to positively impact the development of transdermal vaccines and immunomodulators for infectious diseases and autoimmune disorders. Our studies demonstrate the biological...
Low back pain is a prevalent medical condition in the United States population. Degeneration of the intervertebral disc is associated with low back pain. The intervertebral disc is avascular and thus must receive nutrients via diffusion, primarily from the vertebral bodies through the endplates. One proposed mechanism for development of degeneration is through the sclerosis of the endplates and diminished...
Many important biological problems can be modeled as contagion diffusion processes over interaction networks. This paper shows how the EpiSimdemics interaction-based simulation system can be applied to the general contagion diffusion problem. Two specific problems, computational epidemiology and human immune system modeling, are given as examples. We then show how the graphics processing unit (GPU)...
In Alzheimer's disease (AD), the aggregates of amyloid-β (Aβ) peptide form large fibrillar deposits and are believed to be the cause for cognitive decline. Hence, the nucleation dependent Aβ aggregation process has been subject to intense investigation for biophysical understanding. Here, we present a molecular-level simulation model to understand and predict the dynamics of this process supported...
In this paper we summarise our current work on using Process Calculi for the modelling and analysis of biological pathways in context of better understanding respiratory disease. We present and highlight key features of some of the different Process Calculi that have been used for the modelling of biological pathways. Then we make a state-of-art on asthma, severe asthma and the possible cause of corticosteroids...
Resonant Recognition Method that uses discrete Fourier transform (DFT) and Electron-ion interaction potential amino acid scale (EIIP) is one of the techniques widely used for the analysis of protein sequences. However, DFT that generates complex output (imaginary and real frequency spectra) has shown to produce complementary information in other areas (e.g., ultrasound) were not taken into consideration...
In the abdominal segment of the human aorta under a patient's average resting conditions, pulsatile blood flow exhibits complex laminar patterns with secondary flows induced by adjacent branches and irregular vessel geometries. The hyperelastic material model of aorta wall should be taken into account. Prediction of influence of dynamic blood flow on natural history of aneurysmatic disease and outcome...
Understanding how an individual genetic make-up influences their risk of diseases, is a problem of paramount importance. Although machine-learning techniques are unable to uncover the relationships between genotype and disease, we can still build the best biochemical model automatically with the help of methods that identify the DNA sequence variations in human populations that cause genetic diseases...
Dynamical behavior of a high-dimension nonlinear SEIQR model with infection-age-dependence is studied. The existence and uniqueness of positive solution of differential-integral equations is proved. By analyzing the asymptotical behaviors of the model, the threshold is found and stabilities of disease-free and endemic equilibria are obtained.
In this paper, a new stochastic model based on cellular automata is established to simulate the occurrence and development of Schistosoma japonicum (S. japonicum) infection in an endemic population. We included the process of the pathogen invasion from exposure to worm development and till worm death when the infection is cleared in the model. We further utilized the model to predict the prevalence...
Bones are firm and solid organs that form the skeleton of the body. Bone consists of living tissues with which bone remodeling occurs asynchronously at various sites and involves resorption by osteoclast, followed by formation of new bone by osteoblast. Although bone is a simple composite of a mineral structure, its structure highly contributes to the strength of the bone. In this paper, we develop...
Insulin secreted by pancreatic islet β-cells is the principal regulating hormone of glucose metabolism. Disruption of insulin secretion may cause glucose to accumulate in the blood, and result in diabetes mellitus. Although deterministic models of the insulin secretion pathway are available, the stochastic aspect of the biological pathway has not been explored. As a first step in this direction, we...
Particle matter (PM10) and ozone (O3) have been associated with pulmonary function (i.e., FEV1 and FVC) decrements in exposed populations. Mexicali's atmosphere has those pollutants that fail continuously in reaching the Mexican standards. This work presents the results obtained from multiple linear regressions, used to model the FEV1 and FVC behavior of 258 healthy school children between 9 and 12...
Determining the stiffness (or compliance) of biological vascular vessels is of importance when investigating pathological conditions, the design of stents, vascular grafts, distal anastomotic connectors in coronary artery bypass surgery, and understanding of biological pressure sensors. This communication is concerned with determining appropriate values of the material constants associated with a...
Electrical defibrillation by application of a strong shock to the heart is the only effective treatment against lethal cardiac arrhythmias such as ventricular fibrillation. A large body of experimental and computational research has been devoted to understanding shock-induced effects on the heart in an attempt to improve defibrillation efficacy. However, most of the research has been performed in...
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) injects a high frequency current that effectively disables the diseased basal ganglia (BG) circuit in Parkinson's disease (PD) patients, leading to a reversal of motor symptoms. Though therapeutic, high frequency stimulation consumes significant power forcing frequent surgical battery replacements and causing widespread influence into other brain areas which may lead to...
Now more than ever, progresses in information technology applied to rehabilitation robotics give new hopes to people recovering from different kinds of diseases and injuries. Beside the standard application of EMG signals to analyze disabilities or to track progress in rehabilitation, more focus has been put on controlling robot arms and exoskeletons. In recent years, biomechanists have developed...
In this paper, we formulate a dengue model to explore the complex dynamics induced by antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE). The basic reproduction number Ro is calculated. We analyze the regions of existence and stability for the steady state solutions. Numerical simulation manifests that backward bifurcation may occur and there may be a stable endemic equilibrium even if the basic reproduction number...
Here a theoretical model for seizure generation is presented. This is done according to a simple physiological model of epileptic activities in which seizure occurrence is mainly attributed to imbalance of excitatory/inhibitory ratio. Although factors that play a role in ictogenesis are not exactly known, this process can be assumed as a stochastic process. Indeed, we claim that in neural synapses...
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