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The dramatically increasing energy consumption of data centers is an important issue and one of the most efficient ways to tackle the issue is through server consolidation. The basic idea of server consolidation is to move all virtual machines (VMs) to as few energy efficient servers as possible, and then switch off unused servers. Many efficient server consolidation approaches have been proposed...
After a sequence of creation and destruction of virtual machines (VMs) in an on-premises Cloud computing platform, the scheduling decisions to host the VMs are far from being optimal and the fragmentation of the physical resources may impede the platform to host some VMs despite the free available virtualization resources. This paper describes a Virtual Machine Consolidation Agent that addresses this...
Energy efficiency of data centers has become a hot topic in recent years and one of the most effective ways to save energy consumed by servers in a data center is through server consolidation. In this paper, a new dynamic server consolidation approach is proposed. The new dynamic server consolidation approach is inspired by the process of human trading. The new dynamic server consolidation has been...
During the conservation of energy in Cloud Computing, server consolidation comes as a well-known process to achieve maximum utilization of resources with the least number of servers active. In this process of server consolidation, the Virtual Machine (VM) migration acts as the backbone where VMs are made to transfer the workload from one server to the other, provided Quality of Service (QoS) does...
By replicating virtual machines (VMs) and placing replica copies into data centers, not only does it distribute the requests to virtual machines into different physical machines, thus reducing server load, but also it achieves fault tolerance in risks of server failures by placing multiple copies of a VM on different servers. This paper studies the virtual machine replication problem (VMR) in data...
The increase in the rates of energy consumption in cloud computing infrastructures, besides imposing scalability limits, raises concerns about monetary issues and damage to the environment. This paper proposes an algorithm named ε-PUC-Fit, which aims at improving energy efficiency in cloud computing environments through dynamic consolidation of virtual machines. The proposed algorithm has...
One of the mechanisms to achieve energy efficiency in virtualized/cloud environments is consolidation of workloads on an optimal number of servers and switching-off of idle or underutilized servers. Central to this approach is the migration of virtual machines at runtime. In this paper we investigate the cost (migration time) of virtual machines migration. We shall show that migration time exponentially...
Cloud computing is a business oriented concept to provide online IT resources and IT services on demand using pay per use model where main goal of cloud service provider is to use cloud computing resources efficiently and gain profits marginally. One of the challenging areas in cloud computing is frequent optimization of cloud server. It mainly concerns with the load balancing of cloud data centers...
We introduce a mathematical model formulation for scheduling virtual machine (VM) migrations in data centers. The model is aimed at minimizing the number of active physical host servers over time. Our goal is not only to avoid overload situations resulting from aggressive consolidation mechanisms but also overload situations caused by overhead-intenisve VM migrations. Although various VM scheduling...
Consolidation of virtual machines is essential to achieve energy optimization in cloud computing environments. As virtual machines dynamically enter and leave a cloud system, it becomes necessary to relocate virtual machines among servers. However, relocation of virtual machines introduces run-time overheads and consumes extra energy, thus an careful planning for relocation is necessary. We model...
With increasing adoption of SOA and Cloud Computing technologies where IT including infrastructure, platforms and applications are delivered as services, there is increasing use of a shared resource model where computing and IT resources are shared across multiple applications, so accordingly there is increasing need for solutions that optimize the resource allocation. Power, cooling and real estate...
Server consolidation presents numerous opportunities for sharing memory between virtual machines. To intelligently share RAM across VMs, modern hyper visors use a technique called content-based page sharing (CBPS), in which duplicate copies of a page resident on a host are detected and a single copy of the page is shared, thereby reducing the memory footprint of resident VMs. One widely used implementation...
Virtualization provides enormous economic and ecological benefits by enabling server consolidation and supporting low-cost green data centers. A key component of the hypervisor in a virtualized system is the scheduler. A typical scheduler provides parameters to influence the hypervisor's behavior. Specifically, an application's performance on the popular open-source Xen virtualization platform can...
Virtual machine technology is widely applied to modern data center for cloud computing as a key technology to realize energy-efficient operation of servers. Server consolidation achieves energy efficiency by enabling multiple instantiations of operating systems (OSes) to run simultaneously on a single physical machine. While, live migration of virtual machine can transfer the virtual machine workload...
Server consolidation using virtualization technology has become increasingly important for improving data center efficiency. It enables one physical server to host multiple independent virtual machines (VMs), and the transparent movement of workloads from one server to another. Fine-grained virtual machine resource allocation and reallocation are possible in order to meet the performance targets of...
The benefits of virtualization are typically considered to be server consolidation, (leading to the reduction of power and cooling costs) increased availability, isolation, ease of operating system deployment and simplified disaster recovery. High Performance Computing (HPC) environments pose one main challenge for virtualization: the need to maximize throughput with minimal loss of CPU and I/O efficiency...
Energy consumption of data centers has been in-creasing continuously during the last years due to rising demands of computational power especially in current Grid- and Cloud-Computing systems. One promising approach of reducing this energy consumption is the consolidation of servers by virtualization. Many low loaded computer systems are virtualized and run on few physical servers for reducing the...
Virtualization brings many benefits such as improving system utilization and reducing cost through server consolidation. However, it also introduces isolation problem when running multiple virtual machine workloads in one physical platform. Additionally, with the advent of multi-core technology, more and more cores are built into one die in today's data center that will share and compete for the resource...
Virtualization technology has attracted wide attention in recent years as a method to improve resource utilization, reduce costs, and ease server management. However, the performance penalty resulting from virtualization is an unneglectable problem and should be carefully evaluated. To our knowledge, there are few performance evaluating tools developed for virtualization environments. We propose a...
Virtualization is experiencing a resurgence of interest for diverse uses including server consolidation and shared hosting. Unfortunately, the overhead of virtual machine network I/O has became the main factor that affects the performance of the virtual machine. Meanwhile, few tools are currently available to help debug performance problems in virtual machine environments. Therefore, it is especially...
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