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The nature of Internet traffic has changed dramatically within the last few years, where a large volume of traffic is originated from mobile applications (known as apps), web based multimedia streaming, computation offloading like cloud computing and Internet of Things (IoT) etc. These types applications generate multiple parallel short lived end-to-end connections. However, the three major requirements...
Non-orthogonal multiple access (NOMA) is a promising multiple access scheme for next generation wireless networks. This paper investigates the sum rate maximization problem for NOMA system over a frequency selective fading channel with its users being paired according to their channel powers. A hierarchical power allocation process is proposed, whereby the users are divided into two groups such that...
Web pages and web-based services are becoming more and more complex. The average page size for the Alexa top 1000 websites in 2016 has reached 2.1 MB and fetching a page requires requests for 128 different objects. Although the bandwidth has been increasing exponentially in the last few years, the web experience is not improving at the same pace because of latency issues in HTTP/1. The HTTP/2 protocol...
Internet traffic has been growing year-after-year for decades, but processing all that traffic through traditional IP routers has become an obstacle to further expansion. Router bypass has been introduced recently to overcome capacity limitations and processing costs of IP routers. With router bypass, a portion of traffic is provisioned to bypass the traditional router and is instead switched by the...
This article is devoted to the research of transition form Frame Relay to IP technology in packet convergent Digital Power Line Carrier networks. Application of Frame Relay Access Devices and practical experience of Frame Relay dPLC networks construction is observed. The research of possible ways of technological transition was done and the most efficient way of transition was suggested. Also practical...
This article explores the possibility of using traffic optimization techniques within the context of the LISP (Locator/Identifier Separation Protocol) framework. These techniques use Tunneling, Multiplexing and header Compression of Traffic Flows (TCMTF) in order to save bandwidth and to reduce the amount of packets per time unit. Taking into account that encapsulation is necessary in LISP, bandwidth...
This paper studies the use of a traffic optimization technique named TCM (Tunneling, Compressing and Multiplexing) to reduce the bandwidth of MMORPGs (Massively Multiplayer Online Role-Playing Games), which employ TCP to provide a soft real-time service. In order to optimize the traffic and to improve bandwidth efficiency, TCM can be applied when the packets of a number of players share the same link,...
The Eastern and Western Ranges along with DISA share a similar vision around Net-Centricity such that “Anyone, anywhere can get to any data source and exploit the information they are authorized to access.”1 Their legacy infrastructure is built around TDM and ATM transport networks, which are link based and connection oriented. To achieve the vision the infrastructure must evolve towards a packet...
LTE has a distributed system architecture optimized for IP connectivity. Circuit switched technology is not supported by LTE at all; therefore it provides VoIP based voice service only. In LTE, VoIP packets are carried with significant protocol overhead, thus transporting each voice packet separately is a waste of bandwidth. A possible way to improve the bandwidth efficiency of voice service over...
This work presents a study of RTP multiplexing schemes, which are compared with the normal use of RTP, in terms of ITU R-factor quality estimator. The bandwidth saving of the different schemes is studied, and some tests with VoIP traffic are carried out in order to compare R-factor using three different router buffer policies. Network delays are added using an adequate statistical distribution. The...
This letter compares different policies for multiplexing the traffic of online games. In order to achieve bandwidth savings and to alleviate the high packet rate, headers are compressed and a number of native packets are included into a bigger one, using PPPMux and an L2TP tunnel. Small and controlled delays and jitter are added due to retention at the queue of the multiplexer. The policies are compared...
TCRTP is a multiplexing scheme for RTP, defined by IETF, which reduces the overhead of real-time flows. This work presents a preliminary study of how the number of multiplexed flows in TCRTP can affect the Quality of Service (QoS) of VoIP in terms of R-factor. Two different buffer policies are considered. The conclusion is that multiplexing all the calls in a single TCRTP flow is not always the best...
Gradually, Voice over Internet Protocol (VoIP) has been dominating the telecommunications world. Unfortunately, its applications are injecting a huge number of small packets in the network, which produces high overhead and therefore wastes network bandwidth. This paper proposed the use of a novel multiplexing technique, Delta-Multiplexing, to save the wasted bandwidth. In the Delta-Multiplexing technique,...
This paper investigates the bandwidth efficiency of packet based mobile backhaul in case of low rate, delay sensitive voice service. Evolved HSPA is a fully packet based mobile technology where the voice service is VoIP based. VoIP sources generate small packets periodically. The overhead on these packets is significant; it even exceeds the useful payload, causing efficiency problems on the mobile...
Accommodating of future demand uncertainty is an important issue in IP networks to continue at acceptable level of service during high traffic load periods. This aspect should also be considered during optical backbones design for high-speed client networks. This paper presents an intelligent fuzzy adaptive approach for spare bandwidth management in Dense Wavelength Division Multiplexing (DWDM) optical...
This paper presents an analysis of satellite communications (SATCOM) systems that use Internet protocol (IP) with quality of service (QoS) metrics, and addresses IP efficiency measures. Key contributing elements for the IP efficiency are network structure, provisional efficiency, and bandwidth-on-demand features. IP bandwidth gains will also depend on the network size, the level of hierarchy, and...
The paper describes a policy-based model for cost-effective dasiadata connectivitypsila provisioning between session-level end-points. The connectivity provider (SP) may employ an architecture for end-to-end QoS control between data aggregation points. It involves: i) maintaining multiple diffserv-type connections between end-points with parameterizable QoS differentiation between them; and ii) admission...
Multimedia communication services over multi-domain heterogeneous network infrastructure need end to end (E2E) guarantees for quality of services (QoS). In this context, the proper network dimensioning and traffic engineering of each network domain are significantly dependent on the accuracy of the of traffic demand estimation. The aim of this paper is to propose an algorithm, which estimates the...
The modern, optical bore metro and particularly core networks consist of multiple layers, where multiple different networking technologies are stacked one over the other. In this paper we assume an IP/MPLS layer over an DWDM layer, both controlled jointly by one vertically integrated GMPLS control plane. To better utilize network resources, smaller, upper-layer traffic streams are multiplexed into...
A scheme that exploits the broadcast nature of the wireless communication in order to achieve multicast content delivery is presented in this paper. As opposed to broadcasting, this method enables the clients to determine on-line the delivered content, and thus preserves the advantages of an individual service. On the other hand, a multicast content delivery is much more efficient than a unicast content...
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