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Market readiness of on-board automotive software-intensive systems is tightly linked to the availability of appropriate certification schemes aimed at keeping the car makers confident and the consumers safe - especially in the context of Autonomous Driving, which is the next frontier of the automotive industry. Advanced driver assistance systems (ADAS) are going to be pervasively used in modern automobiles...
Modern systems are becoming ever more complex and, thus, the possibility of failures in their operation is also growing. The complexity makes it practically impossible to make the hardware and software error-free without the special effort invested in the design process. Recently, a design methodology with the objective to avoid unacceptable risk of physical injury or of damage to the health of people,...
Certification compliance check for airborne software is very critical as it aids in the certification of the software. Since this compliance check is performed manually which is time-consuming and erroneous, an in-house developed Certification Compliance Tool (CCT) helps in checking the compliance as per RTCA DO-178B/C and generate artifacts depicting the magnitude of compliance. In order to generate...
Cyber physical Systems (CPS) are a key technology to enable the development of highly automated and autonomous maritime systems. The development of new complex and distributed safety-critical systems increases the challenges of testing due to a variety of Verification and Validation (V+V) methods, strictly required confidence to functional correctness of heterogenous cooperating systems and management...
Certification schemes exist to regulate software systems and prevent them from being deployed before they are judged fit to use. However, practitioners are often unsatisfied with the efficiency of certification standards and processes. In this study, we analyzed two certification standards, Common Criteria and DO-178C, and collected insights from literature and from interviews with subject-matter...
With the increasing adoption of embedded systems in critical automotive applications, the verification of hardware designs reliability is becoming a strictly regulated process where the ISO26262 standard plays a key role. Today crucial verification activities such as failure analysis and FMEA are still relying heavily on reliability engineer expertise, as automatic methods supporting them are still...
Processes constrain developer freedom and impact software development cost. They can increase costs from only a few cents to almost 1000 USD per line of code. But they can also benefit the maintainability, dependability and safety of critical software. If failure risk costs are high, then the application of more expensive processes can actually reduce costs. Therefore it is important to understand...
Modern automotive systems consist of hundreds of functionalities implemented in software. Moreover, these functionalities are constantly evolving with increasing demand for automation, industry competition and changing sensor and actuator capabilities. Correspondingly, it is important to adapt the engineering and software development processes for such systems to consider fast management of this evolution...
Safety and security in software coding is becoming increasingly important in mission-critical systems due to various emerging threats and to avoid potential disastrous consequences. These issues can be significantly reduced by software designs and implementations that adequately protect systems. This abstract describes coding methodologies in the Ada 95/2005 programming language for complex embedded...
Robots are being increasingly used in safety-critical contexts, such as transportation and health. The need for flexible behavior in these contexts, due to human interaction factors or unstructured operating environments, led to a transition from hardware- to software-based safety mechanisms in robotic systems, whose reliability and quality is imperative to guarantee. Source code static analysis is...
Systems of Systems are defined as a collection of component systems that produce results not achievable by the individual systems alone. SoS serves to distinguish true multi-domain and multi-discipline systems from others who have taken up the systems mantle, most noticeably software and IT spaces. But SoS is more than just a higher level focus on configuration management (CM), requirements management...
DO-331 is the supplement of DO-178C for model-based development. DO-331 is an objective-based guidance, which defines a set of objectives that have to be achieved for the model-based development of aeronautical software. The guidance also recommends the evidence in terms of activities and work products that should respectively be carried out and produced to meet the objectives. To explain why the...
This paper presents a summary and analysis deployment of a secure Intelligent Electronic Device (IED) management system at two different utilities in North America. Each of these utilities began their investigation into technologies and methodologies for securing their system for North America Reliability Corporation (NERC) Critical Infrastructure Protection (CIP) standards. This report is intended...
This paper describes the design and characterization of a safety critical module for Eurobalise railway signalling. The design of the module is done on a HW/SW platform to include compliance to the safety regulations both at HW and SW level. The safety of the obtained design implemented on FPGA is then characterized through a fault injection campaign. The fault injection campaign isolated some corner...
Obtaining Worst-Case Execution Time (WCET) estimates is a required step in real-time embedded systems during software verification. Measurement-Based Probabilistic Timing Analysis (MBPTA) aims at obtaining WCET estimates for industrial-size software running upon hardware platforms comprising high-performance features. MBPTA relies on the randomization of timing behavior (functional behavior is left...
New applications like highly automated driving, Car-2-X, software updates over the air, or vehicles as part of the internet of things raise completely new requirements to a software platform for the next generation of ECUs. AUTOSAR as the worldwide leading standardization organization for in-vehicle software bears this challenge and paves the way making vehicles intelligent and adaptive. Based on...
In a context where software is more and more pervasive in all systems, and where it is sometimes advocated that software complexity and size seem to provide some relevance to a probabilistic view of software behaviour, several initiatives suggest to change the way to address software in the global system safety assessment. The authors argue that whereas there are many links between safety assessment...
OCRA provides a language and tool support to model and analyze acomponent-based architecture enriched with contracts. Assumptions andguarantees of components are specified in different variants oflinear-time temporal logics, supporting variables with infinitedomains and continuous dynamics. The tool provides different analysistechniques including contracts refinement checking, contract-basedcompositional...
This paper discusses the possible role of formal verification techniques in system-level design flows. It is argued that the role of formal verification techniques should not be limited to “bug hunting” alone. Instead, formal technology should be applied in such a way that a formal relationship is provided between an abstract system model and its concrete implementation at the Register Transfer Level...
Automated assistance in ensuring a product's reliability and functional correctness is certainly a powerful asset, but also requires us to express our expectations in a formal way as accessible to our algorithms and tools. In recent work, we showed for specifications in Pnueli's "Temporal Logic of Programs" LTL how to diagnose such a specification if we find that it does not catch our intent,...
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