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The research presents results of analysis of 36 ferry and passenger routes on the Croatian Adriatic shore, with sail time up to 60 minutes. 19 of the routes representing 41.5% of daily mileage in the high season have been found suitable. Those lines carried 81.1% of all passengers and 87.4% of vehicles in the domestic sea transport in 2015. Detailed analysis of requirements for electrification has...
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) control strategies have received much attention in recent years for their significant impact in reducing the overall fuel cost. Dynamic programming (DP) is a control method which calculates every possible outcome at each step to find out the optimal supervisory control trajectory. In this work, DP is applied to a PHEV control strategy using a backward looking...
Recent focus on environment impacts and energy efficiency has been a key consideration for any vehicle manufacturer currently. These scenarios have led to the development of hybrid vehicle powertrains to acts as an immediate step towards improving fuel economy and reducing emissions. The hybridization of powertrain leads to an increase in overall cost of the vehicle on account of the anticipated benefits...
This paper proposes a predictive real time energy management strategy for plug-in-hybrid electric vehicles (PHEV) based on an adaptation of Dynamic Programming (DP). The computational load of predictive real time strategies increases with the trip length. Therefore, for online computation by the onboard computer, they strongly depend on an efficient implementation. To reduce computation cost, current...
The objective of this paper is to give recommendations for the component sizing of a Parallel Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) studying the influence of the Electric Motor (EM) size, Final Drive ratio (FD), the Battery Capacity (BAT) and the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). A multiple options for the size of the components are in the market and conflicting on the vehicle efficiency and functionality...
This paper describes a fuzzy control strategy for the power management in electric vehicle. The goal is to determine the optimal distance while basing on the battery SOC and desired speed. The objective of this work is to predict the optimal distance traveled by the vehicle for such a battery SOC and a desired speed and to avoid the lack of energy. The Matlab simulation results demonstrate the effectiveness...
As vehicle powertrain efficiency increases through electrification, consumer travel and driving behavior have significantly more influence on the potential fuel consumption of these vehicles. Therefore, it is critical to have a good understanding of in-use or “real world” driving behavior if accurate fuel consumption estimates of electric drive vehicles are to be achieved. Regional travel surveys...
Plug-in hybrid vehicles (PHEVs) and Plug-in Electric Vehicles (PEV) are promoted in many jurisdictions worldwide as a way of reducing reliance on fossil fuels and reducing green house gases. In Canada, most utilities have initiatives in this area, with the aim to assess the impact on their electric grid of the wide scale deployment of these vehicles. There is also a significant interest on the part...
In a hybrid vehicle with dual power systems such as internal combustion engines working with conventional fuels and electric motors, each system has specific operational characteristics and requirements which these have to be matched with each other and at the same time with the vehicle itself. This dual power system is too complex especially from points of nonlinearity, uncertainty, and switching...
The paper aims at parameter matching problems of single-axle PHEV (parallel hybrid electric vehicle) in the early stage of the design, fuel economy as the design object, and presents the parameter selection criterion of the engine, motor and battery in the dynamic system. The scope of the enginepsilas power is determined by calculating the economic cruising power of the engine, the load characteristics...
Hybrid technology which has been successfully used on vehicles, is introduced to hydraulic excavators whose load condition is totally different from that of vehicles. An electric motor is employed to the power system to assist the ICE to satisfy the power requirements of the load. Due to the sharply fluctuations of the load, the Energy storage unit (ESU) is considered to be the most important component...
This paper includes some of the information gathered regarding the feasibility of converting a series-parallel configured electric vehicle to a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle versus using a series configured electric vehicle to a plug-in hybrid electric vehicle. It will explain the theory behind how a series configured hybrid electric vehicle (HEV) might be a better option due to the power rating...
To exploit the benefits offered by parallel HEVs, an intelligent energy management model is developed and evaluated in this paper. Despite most existing works, the developed model incorporates combined wind/drag, slope, rolling, and accessories loads to minimise the fuel consumption under varying driving conditions. A slope prediction unit is also employed. The engine and the electric motor can output...
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