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Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicle (PHEV) control strategies have received much attention in recent years for their significant impact in reducing the overall fuel cost. Dynamic programming (DP) is a control method which calculates every possible outcome at each step to find out the optimal supervisory control trajectory. In this work, DP is applied to a PHEV control strategy using a backward looking...
Vehicle electrification is a step forward to reduce CO2 emissions. However, using Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) and Electric Vehicles (EV.) efficiently, battery has to be charged during night to decrease the usage of the Internal Combustion Engine (ICE). There are two methods to charge PHEV battery. Either plugs directly the battery with the electric outlet or using wireless method which...
In [1] a new concept was developed for the design of hybrid electric powertrains that includes optimization of the component sizes as well as control strategies. In contrast to most existing publications, the approach explicitly considers the conflicting goals of low fuel consumption and high vehicle longitudinal dynamics and the trade-off is quantified. This is achieved by formulating two multiobjective...
Plug-in Hybrid Electric Vehicles (PHEVs) are seen to be a step forward in vehicle electrification, to replace ICE-based conventional vehicles. On the one hand, using a PHEV means that a part of the vehicle energy comes from the grid or other sources, such as renewable energy, to charge the battery. On the other hand, increasing the number of nuclear and coal power plants to supply these new needs...
Hybrid and Electric Vehicles offer the possibility of fuel saving by regenerative braking, a storage and retrieval capability for energy that would normally be wasted as heat during braking event. This paper focuses on regenerative braking in a parallel-series hybrid electric bus and specifically on how its control strategy can be formulated and optimized. To conduct the study it is necessary to model...
In this paper a new concept for the layout of hybrid-electric-powertrains is developed that includes optimization of the component-sizes as well as control strategies. In contrast to most existing publications, the approach explicitly considers the conflicting goals of low fuel consumption and high vehicle longitudinal dynamics and the trade-off is quantified. Two multiobjective optimization subproblems...
Load point shifting of the internal combustion engine in hybrid electric vehicles is used to control the state of charge of the high voltage battery. The control strategy has a significant impact on the achievable fuel savings. This paper presents a method, which controls load point shifting for all useable operating points of the power train by balancing cost and benefit considerations, i. e. current...
Fuel economy of city bus is poor, because the urban traffic is congested, the city bus is constantly in the idle condition resulting in fuel consumption is increasing. In order to improve the vehicle fuel economy and protect environment, the energy consumption characteristics of city bus are analyzed, and the energy consumption model is established. The energy-saving mechanism of the idling stop system...
Engine cold start is an important issue in the automobile development. The traditional control strategy of cold start is an open-loop control that results in a high HC emission. In the paper, the improved control strategy for SI engine cold start is discussed. And it indicates that the A/F ratio, ignition time and the desired idle speed are the 3 important parameters for the cold start. In order to...
In a hybrid vehicle with dual power systems such as internal combustion engines working with conventional fuels and electric motors, each system has specific operational characteristics and requirements which these have to be matched with each other and at the same time with the vehicle itself. This dual power system is too complex especially from points of nonlinearity, uncertainty, and switching...
The vehicles in non-steady working condition often suffer the trade-off between power performance and fuel economy and also the lack of accurate ratio control target in the control strategy. With the analysis of power performance and economic performance and a driveline model with MATLAB/Simulink based on experiment data, the optimum matching datasheet control strategy is proposed. The relationship...
This article presents the impact of the performance of an FC and control strategies on the benefits of hybridization of fuel cell/supercapacitor hybrid sources for vehicle applications. Then, the storage device can complement the main source to produce the compatibility and performance characteristics needed in a load. The studies of two hybrid power systems for vehicle applications, FC/battery and...
This paper systematically discussed the design and control methodology of plug-in hybrid electric vehicle (PHEV). Design methodology focused on battery energy and power capacity design. Two lands of typical batteries-NiMH and Li-ion have been discussed. Control strategies focused on all electric range (AER) and charge depletion range (CDR) operations. Also, a constrained engine on and off control...
Hybrid vehicles use two energy sources for their propelling. Usually an internal combustion engine (ICE) is used with one or more electric machine(s) (EM). The problem is then to split the driver power demand between the ICE and the EM in order to minimize a criterion, usually the fuel consumption. A global optimization algorithm based on optimal control theory is recalled. The obtained results are...
Hydrogen powered fuel cell vehicles (FCVs) are receiving global attention, stimulated by the urgent need for more fuel-efficient vehicles. However, current challenges for fuel cells such as high cost, sizing problem, and limited driving range, greatly affect the pace of FCV development. At the same time, domestic and renewable energy resource usage is frequently being encouraged for future electric...
Plug-in hybrid electric vehicles (PHEVs) differ from hybrid electric vehicles (HEVs) with their ability to use off-board electricity generation to recharge their energy storage systems. In addition to possessing charge-sustaining HEV operation capability, PHEVs use the stored electrical energy during a charge-depleting (CD) operating period to displace a significant amount of petroleum consumption...
Hydrogen energy vehicle has become one of the key directions in the field of electric vehicle research and development worldwide. Hydrogen energy vehicles include three kinds such as fuel cell vehicle, hydrogen ICE vehicle and methanol-hydrogen engine vehicle. The paper presents a new kind of serial hybrid bus with an effective methanol-hydrogen engine. The methanol-hydrogen engine is a traditional...
A new method based on DIRECT algorithm was presented for parametric optimization of control strategy for hybrid electric vehicles. A logic threshold control strategy (LTCS) implemented in an existing hybrid vehicle was considered. A set of parameters was adopted in the LTCS to command the operation of the vehicle. The optimal adjustment of these parameters was formulated as a constrained nonlinear...
In order to obtain the globally optimal solutions, dynamic programming ( DP ) technique have been investigated. But one major difficulty lies in the need of global /preview information about the trip to be made and the difficulty in obtaining the specific driving cycle for each trip. Another difficulty is the computational load for global optimization algorithms in the micro-processor inside the vehicle...
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