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In this paper, a study on electromigration in aluminum bond wires as used in power base station application is presented. Electromigration is shown to occur in three phases and is accompanied by bamboo formation. From accelerated tests, a lifetime model has been determined, based on Black's equation. This enables the prediction of the lifetime of products under high temperature and current conditions.
We present our results on the analysis of electrical performance of Flip-Chip bonded thin Silicon chip-on-foil assemblies during bending. A custom made bending machine was utilized to bend the test samples and the electrical resistance of the Daisy Chain structures were measured during the tests. Resistance measurements confirmed the failure of the test samples after about 2000 bending cycles.
Through silicon vias are the components in three-dimensional integrated circuits, which are responsible for the vertical connection inside the dies. In this work we present studies about the reliability of open through silicon vias against electromigration. A two-step approach is followed. In the first step the stress development of a void free structure is analyzed by means of simulation to find...
Two kinds of Polygonum species (Polygonum hydropiper and Polygonum lapathifolium) grown vigorously on acid soils were compared to investigate the physiological and photosynthetic responses under five Al3+ treatments (0, 25, 50, 100 and 400 mmol L-1) in a hydroponic experiment. The results showed that under 400 mmol L-1 Al3+, the malondialdehyde (MDA) content and transpiration rate (Tr) were significantly...
In-situ observation of stress in Al interconnects under electromigration and thermal effect by using the synchrotron radiation x-ray diffraction. The test temperature was controlled by changing the current density of W (self-heating structure). The EM-induced stress was also investigated with current densities from 3times105A/cm2 to 4times106A/cm2. The conclusion agreed well with the simulation results.
ldquoDevelopment for advanced thermoelectric conversion systemsrdquo supported by the new energy and industrial technology development organization (NEDO) has been successfully completed as one of the Japanese national energy conservation projects. Three types of the cascaded thermoelectric modules operating up to 850 K in high electrode temperature and two types of Bi-Te thermoelectric modules operating...
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