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In this paper we present a method for sensing of chemical vapour based on scaling of resistance fluctuation of single layer graphene (SLG) field effect transistors. Increase of variance of resistance fluctuation of device in presence of chemical vapour makes noise a very sensitive tool for detection. Analysis of the effect of presence of chemicals in the ambience of graphene on the 1/f noise spectrum...
This paper presents the development of an automatic control of retardant system and parking of wagons, where after unloading in the car dumper, passing through retarders and switches and crossings. The retarder system is a device installed on the rails, at the end of the ramp and is responsible for braking the wagons. Automatic control of braking and objectively determine the optimal speed to ensure...
VLSI circuits usually allocate excess margin to account for worst-case process variation. Since most chips are fabricated at process conditions better than the worst-case corner, adaptive voltage scaling (AVS) is commonly used to reduce power consumption whenever possible. A typical AVS setup relies on a performance monitor that replicates critical paths of the circuit to guide voltage scaling. However,...
DC losses in the four-wire leads or connector of a microwave power transfer standard can result in incorrect effective efficiency measurements as measured by a calorimeter. Symptoms of the error and a method for setting an upper limit of its magnitude are described.
Peak voltage sensors, namely diode based detectors, have been used for in-circuit testing of RF circuits. These detectors are simple to implement but provide a limited accuracy. On the other hand, the power inferred from these measurements assumes that impedance is known. This work presents a comparison between measurements obtained with peak voltage and true power detectors. The trade-off between...
Tower Type Sensor (TTS) system was developed to monitor depth-related electrical resistivity in chloride-contaminated concrete. The AC impedance method was adopted to measure the electrical resistivity of concrete. This paper also details arrangements of TTS and its calibration approach. Then the sensor geometric constant k was determined by 0.01 mol/L KCl solution. In view of the RC circuit characteristics...
A universal resistance-to-digital converter based on the universal sensors and transducers interfacing integrated circuit (USTI) investigated and described at the first time. A three-point calibration technique for accurate resistance measurements in a wide resistive range has been implemented in a single integrated circuit that allows a direct resistance-to-digital conversion according to three popular...
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