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A Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) is composed of resource-constrained sensors with limited capabilities. Wireless Sensor Networks are subject to more packet loss and congestion. For efficient congestion control, an accurate and timely estimation of resource demands by measuring the network congestion level is necessary. To mitigate congestion, either the available resources have to be increased (resource...
A framework for the joint design of wireless network and controllers is proposed. Multiple control systems are considered where the sensor measurements are transmitted to the controller over the IEEE 802.15.4 protocol. The essential issues of wireless networked control systems (NCSs) are investigated to provide an abstraction of the wireless network for a co-design approach. We first present an analytical...
The Application specific wireless sensor network differs basically from the general data network. It focuses on tight communication but restricted in storage, lifetime, power and energy. The WSNs consists of unbelievable network load and it leads to energy wastage and packet loss. Many of the existing concepts are developed for link level congestion control. The Rate optimization technique for node...
The Randomly deployed wireless sensor nodes form an unpredictable structure. Normally wireless sensor networks are distinguished from conventional networks by their energy constraints and limited computational power. Huge volumes of data are sensed and generated by the sensor nodes when they are deployed in the dynamic environment. Mostly the source and sink nodes are not within each other's transmission...
Network coding is a promising technique for improving system performance in wireless multihop networks. In this paper, the throughput and fairness in single-relay multiuser wireless networks are evaluated. The carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol and network coding are used in the medium access control (MAC) sublayer in such networks. The fairness of wireless medium...
In Wireless Sensor Networks, the traffic is light under idle or light load. When an event is detected the network becomes active and the data flow traffic becomes heavy, which leads to congestion. Congestion plays an vital role in reducing the performance of the network. Hence it necessitates to develop an effective congestion control technique. This paper focus on congestion detection and control...
In this paper, an enhanced access protocol minimizing message delivering latency is proposed. It is basically based on modified version of Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) protocol in which one sensor at a time is allowed to deviate from standard rules behaving like a cheater and keeping the Contention Window (CW) fixed and equal to the minimum value. The proposed scheme...
The sensor network consist of multi-purpose of node in a scarred networks area. The modern motes that have multiple sensor board on a single radio board, which have different type of transmission rate, required bandwidth, packet loss, delay demands etc. In this paper we proposed Heterogeneous Congestion Control Protocol(HCCP), which controls the efficient rate for heterogeneous traffic. This protocol...
WSN is an emerging technology which is deployed for monitoring and control applications. IEEE has introduced the 802.15.4 standard for a low rate, low power, low complexity and short range Wireless Personal Area Network (WPAN) in 2003. Carrier Sense Multiple Access with Collision Avoidance (CSMA/CA) is defined as the basic access mechanism in the standard. It was noted that there is a problem of low...
The IEEE 802.15.4 standard is able to achieve low-power transmissions in low-rate and short-distance wireless personal area network (WPAN). The slotted carrier sense multiple access with collision avoidance (CSMA/CA) is used for contention mechanism. Sensor nodes perform backoff process immediately when the clear channel assessment (CCA) detecting busy channel. It may neglect the implicit information...
Lightweight Congestion Aware Reliable Transport protocol (LCART) is based on cross-layering the prevalent or reciprocal functionalities of Transport, MAC and Wireless-Physical layers in order to achieve energy efficiency and meeting QoS objectives of heterogeneous WSN1 including multimedia. LCART intelligently overcomes network congestion by the simultaneous use of Packet Service Time, Packet Inter...
Existing contention based nonpersistent medium access control protocols in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) do not perform well in high contention. Their performances are affected by occurrence of collision due to uniform probability distribution in choosing Time Slot (TS) during backoff period. To address this issue nonuniform probability distribution was proposed. However success rate still drops for...
Deployment of large-scale wireless sensor networks poses a number of new problems not foreseen in previous networking scenarios. One of the main issues to be addressed in such networks is to grant fair and efficient channel access to a large number of network nodes. Although it has been shown that CSMA/CA presents some limitations in this regard, it continues to be the adopted solution for channel...
Congestion has always been a serious problem for all kinds of communication networks. Wireless sensor networks (WSN) face special difficulties in dealing with congestion due to their unique requirements and constraints. Various congestion control schemes for WSN have been proposed recently. These schemes try to solve the problem either at the MAC layer or through a cross-layer approach. This paper...
Vehicles in Intelligent Transportation System employ IEEE 802.11p/1609 protocols to communicate with other vehicles or roadside infrastructure within a specific area. Messages related with traffic safety can be delivered timely for collision avoidance and etc. Meanwhile, non-safety related infotainment messages can also be transmitted besides safety-critical information. Many of the safety critical...
The packet collision is one of the causes of wasted energy consumption in wireless sensor networks. This paper describes and analyzes the behavior of packet collisions in wireless sensor networks by simulations. The problems of packet collision include both direct and hidden collisions, and are classified by layers architecture: application, routing, and MAC. Moreover, we review and analyze the existing...
This paper deals with the model of Adaptive multi-hop routing algorithm for Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) and its results are presented. Certain parameters like energy level, delay and velocity are considered. These decisions will come up with the optimal and organized route for WSN. In addition, the stated algorithm is enhanced with the multipath capability to avoid congestion state in WSN. Eventually,...
Congestion in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) can be a severe problem, as it causes a plethora of malfunctions such as packet loss, lower throughput, energy inefficiency, and short lifetime. As a result, the performance of the whole network is subject to undesirable change; an issue that renders congestion control an issue of uttermost importance for such networks. As far as data-collection applications...
The purpose of this paper is to analyze the maximum throughput when using RTS/CTS (Request To Send/Clear To Send) in IEEE 802.11 Distributed Coordination Function (DCF) multi-hop networks with a novel approach. Wireless multi-hop networks, in which nodes communicate with each other and convey packets via intermediate nodes without centralized control, have gained increasing attention because of the...
Achieving Quality of Service (QoS) objective in Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) handling the multimedia information has significantly gained the importance lately besides energy efficient hardware designing. Transport layer of the WSN communication protocol stack plays a significant role in meeting the QoS objective of WSN. This paper presents a light weight transport protocol for WSN that can handle...
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