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Nonlinear optimal control problems, in which state trajectories are permitted to be discontinuous at a finite number of times, and the jump times are choice variables, are analysed. Problems such as these arise in economics, lazer technique, and robototechnique. Necessary conditions for optimality, in the form of a Maximum Principle, for the impulse optimal control problems with general terminal and...
A surge of needs for the low carbon society promotes a spread of electric vehicle (EV). EVs could be charged at night simultaneously, as a result, severe voltage drop may happen. The authors have proposed the method which can compensate the voltage drop caused by EV charging by means of adjusting charging schedules and controlling reactive power. However, though the method can avoid the voltage violation,...
Reactive power optimization has been a hard problem for years. However, the existed optimization algorithms are usually complex in calculation and not obvious in physical meaning. To study a simple and effective method for reactive power optimization, this paper puts forward a concept of optimal reactive load, and proposes a method called power circle method. With power circles, this paper presents...
Renewable energy developments have significantly influenced to the power system planning. In particular, in the last decade, renewable energy sources are considerably increased due to the supportive renewable energy policy worldwide. In this paper, an economic model is proposed to analyze the electricity market equilibrium under the impacts of renewable energy policy. In addition, the model reveals...
A comprehensive theory of knowledge societies and knowledge economics is still missing. This article shows that the analytical tools from computer science, information systems and information theory provide an adequate language to work toward such theory. The presented formalization follows an evolutionary and multilevel approach, and embraces both the concepts of information and knowledge. It is...
This paper investigates the relationship between base station (BS) density and average spectral efficiency (SE) in the downlink of a cellular network. This relationship has been well known for sparse deployment, i.e. when the number of BSs is small compared to the number of users. In this case the SE is independent of BS density. As BS density grows, on the other hand, it has previously been shown...
Energy Commission Malaysia is targeting 4100 MW of power generation capacity via competitive bidding to replace capacity from the 1st generation Power Purchase Agreement (PPA) that will be retired from 2015 to 2017 and to cater for future demand growth. Malaysia's generation mix has been long time dependence on a single fuel. This over-dependency is not a good option for long-term energy sustainability...
Peer-To-Peer (P2P) file-sharing protocols have been widely used for distributing massive data over the Internet. To satisfy the requirement of P2P platforms, like BitTorrent, edge devices have to be powered on continuously to either download files or assist other peers to download files, which could lead to the wasted energy, especially for those time-insensitive files such as online games or high-definition...
This paper proposes Chaotic Adaptive Particle Swarm Optimisation (CAPSO) algorithm to solve Cubic Cost Economic Dispatch (CCED) problem. A Chaotic Local Search operator (CLS) is introduced in the proposed algorithm to avoid premature convergence. The basic strategy of the proposed algorithm is combining PSO with Adaptive Inertia Weight Factor (AIWF) and CLS, in which PSO with AIWF is applied to perform...
Photovoltaic generating system has a high potential, since it is clean, environmental friendly and secure energy sources. Stand alone photovoltaic system is chosen as an alternative to grid utility where excess to utility is impossible especially in remote area. In stand alone photovoltaic system, the system is designed to fulfill a specific load demand, normally close to its point of utilization...
The major goal of this present work is to evolve combined economic emission dispatch problems employing a modified glowworm swarm based optimization (MGSO) approach. The objective function of this article is treated as cost and emission. The assumption has been carried out by the decision maker for which the multiobjective problem is translated to one intent function. The glowworm swarm based algorithm...
The major benefits of the emerging cloud computing infrastructure include elimination of the fixed cost and reduction in the marginal cost for the users due to the economy of scale and dynamic resource sharing. This paper argues that these unquestionable economic benefits of dynamic resource sharing are inherently associated with systemic risks and drawbacks. This possibility necessitates shift in...
Economic load dispatch is conducted by the utilities in order to determine the best generation level at the most feasible operating cost. In order to guarantee satisfying energy delivery to the consumer, a precise calculation of generation level is required. In order to achieve accurate and practical solution, several considerations such as prohibited operating zones, valve-point effect and ramp-rate...
This paper aims at systematically analyzing the pricing schemes in data center network. The interaction between a monopolistic operator and customers in the network is modeled as Stackelberg game. In this model, both homogeneous- and heterogeneous-customer scenarios are analyzed. In homogeneous customer case, a special scenario is that only a single customer exists in the network. In this scenario,...
Simulation of retail space is a growing topic in the multi-agent systems community. Those systems vary depending on many issues, such as the type of store, or type of behaviour. The kind of issue that is wished to be simulated, or the type of data used to build the simulation, are other subjects of variations. Our ambition is to develop a simulator using a generic model, based on real data easy to...
This research proposes a formal framework of new knowledge expertise with mass amateurization and analyzes its impact on Internet-based knowledge markets. Specifically, the new definition of knowledge expertise consists of three major components: primary expertise, searching expertise, and learning expertise. Due to the effect of mass amateurization, questions posted by knowledge seekers on Internet-based...
Gift cards are widely used by many enterprises nowadays for products promotion. Gift cards are used not only for a basket of goods, but also for some specific kinds of goods. In this paper, we characterize consumers' purchasing behavior according to descending consumers' reservation price, then develop a model to derive the optimal purchase amount threshold and gift card value. We find that offering...
Economic problems in the optimal management of strategic resource stockpiles can be rigorously studied and solved by formulating them as optimal control problems in continuous time. Often, the real economic systems and stockpiling scenarios of interest exhibit both stochastic features and input saturation effects. Building on work to account for saturation effects into basic optimal stockpile problems,...
The network design problem with relays arises in telecommunications and distribution systems where relay points are necessary. Given a network and a set of commodities, the problem consists of introducing a subset of edges and locating relays on a subset of nodes such that in the resulting network, the total cost (edge cost plus relay cost) is minimized, and there exists a route linking the origin...
With the accelerated process of economic globalization, inter-regional linkages are becoming closer, exchanges become more frequent, spill over effects of public services are increasing day by day. In this paper, the author analyzes the level of public services in the provinces spatial correlation by using the theory of spatial economics. The results indicate that the level of the supply of public...
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