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In this paper, a much more detailed representation of the nation's electricity system than has been traditionally used in policy models is employed. This detailed representation greatly increases the computational difficulty of obtaining optimal solutions, but is necessary to accurately model the location of new investment in generation. Given the proposed regulation of CO2 emissions from US power...
The transmission usage cost allocation is one of the major issues experienced by the Electric Supply Industries. A technique is proposed which is based on graph theory for the transmission usage cost allocation to generators. The proposed impact factor is used to allocate transmission usage cost to generator based on the contributions to maximum line flows under N−1 contingency condition. For allocating...
Distributed Generation is the generation of electricity from many small energy sources and is located closer to the user, or customer. The purpose of using distributed generation is to improve voltage profile, voltage stability and to minimize power losses. This paper presents an overview of research and development work carried out in the field of Distributed Generation. This paper also discusses...
In micro-grids, due to their small scale, there is commonly only one power supplier. A competitive wholesale market hardly exists, so the question about how to consider market issues for small producers within micro-grids arises. On the other hand, the specific features of micro-grids where load and generated power hardly find a balance, require that customers take part to regulation issues, also...
Micro-grid system is an integrated energy system asit consists of distributed energy resources (DERs) and multipleelectrical loads operating in parallel or islanded grid. Theprimary objective of this project is to examine whether Microgridimplementation can reduce the cost of energy. It can bedetermined through the modelling bus bar system; 5-Bus TestSystem and 26-Bus Test System. This application...
Rural electrification, regardless of whichever electrification scheme is utilized (grid extension, mini grids, or autonomous energy home systems) has many potential benefits. In particular, hybrid mini grid power systems are potentially highly valuable electrification scheme for remote rural electrification in comparison with other electrification schemes but they involve significant complexities...
In deregulated electricity market, the power marketers share a common transmission network for transferring power from generating station to distribution station. All the market participants, in the open access environment wants to maximize their profit, so they try to obtain the electrical energy from the cheapest source, which may lead to congestion in the transmission network and affect the system...
An analysis is presented to show the technical and economic benefit of DC microgrid in comparison to the usual AC microgrid considering the socio economic condition of rural Bangladesh. Results show that the cost of energy can be significantly lower in the case of a DC grid.
Absence of a generalized pricing method is one of the key issues with renewable energy generation. Each utility uses a different method for pricing energy. The proposed model gives a generalized method for determining energy price for generating companies, independent power producers, regulatory commissions etc. It incorporates both the economic and performance based factors in the pricing model....
In this extended abstract the need for efficient and reliable ICT is discussed. Efficiency of ICT not only deals with energy-efficient ICT hardware, but also deals with efficient algorithms, efficient design methods, efficient networking infrastructures etc. Efficient and reliable ICT is a prerequisite for efficient Smart Grids. Unfortunately, efficiency and reliability have not always received the...
This paper evaluates the effect assessment of demand respond (DR) programs on nodal prices considering customers' electricity contracts by differentiating multiple types of classes based on the desired risk level, n-1 and n-2 element outage. Load elasticity information reported in demand response projects is adopted to evaluate the dispatchable load reduction due to dynamic pricing.
Several challenges to generation capacity adequacy have been present in the ongoing deregulation electric power industry hindering stimulating capacity investment in generation capacity. Recently years, capacity mechanisms have been built up in order to steady the electricity market price and retrieve the electricity generation investment. These capacity mechanisms have achieved remarkable success,...
The utilization of renewable sources in power generation and system deregulation are two major changes the power system are undertaking. Different evaluation models are needed in order to incorporate renewable generation in the existing power system analysis. In deregulated power system, the impacts of renewable generation penetration are not only on the physical operation, but also on economic operation...
Intermittent and uncertain nature of power output from weather-dependent renewable energy sources like solar is a major challenge in integrating them with traditional power grids that mostly consist of reliable power sources. We have created a framework for efficiently managing the weather-related uncertainty risk of solar generators and facilitating their integration into power grids while optimizing...
DR (Demand response) has an important role in electricity power market by reducing load quantity instead of increasing generation for balancing demand and supply. DR resources are regarded as an extra tool of balancing supply and demand in emergency condition. Also, DR resources can be used in normal condition or used for the purpose of maintaining the reserve rate. Because of the characteristics...
This research examines optimal operation of microgrid systems. Microgrids are disaggregated from main transmission grid. Microgrids are able to integrate distributed renewable energy, take advantage of waste heat, provide higher power reliability, reduce electricity transmission loss, and decrease greenhouse gas emissions. The study considers solar power, wind power, biomass power, gas turbine, fuel...
The selection of generation projects is based on the amount of energy consumption in the expected growth of demand in the amount of operating reserves and needs to regulate the system. A viable solution to meet energy needs and expansion of systems is the Distributed Generation - DG. Single source of DG does not guarantee economic generation, reliability, flexibility and controllability in energy...
This paper explores the structure, use, and value of microgrids as a device to better integrate into the electrical grid small quantities of local, distributed power generated from renewable resources like solar and wind. The paper describes the evolution of microgrids, their potential benefits, their design and structure, and their overall value in moving electricity generation toward a more sustainable...
In a restructured power system, there are many players who benefit from Demand Response (DR). These include the Market Operator (MO), the Transmission System Operator (TSO), Distributors, Retailers, Aggregators, and also consumers. This paper proposes a new concept - Demand Response eXchange (DRX) - in which DR is treated as a virtual resource that can be exchanged between two groups of players, namely...
Controllable electricity loads and storage devices have the potential to significantly and inexpensively increase the operating reliability of power systems, especially in systems with variable, unpredictable generation from renewable sources. However, in cases where a large number of small devices is used for operating reserves, it may be difficult to estimate the available reserve capacity, especially...
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