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In countries with Capacity Mechanisms in place, where Explicit Interconnector Participation model is to be used, one of the key market design questions to be answered is how the amount of interconnector capacity that is allowed to participate in the auctions should be determined. This paper argues for an interconnector capacity de-rating approach. In order for the de-rating factor to be representative...
The electrical power generation and distribution system for one of the Platform (Platform ‘A’) was designed different from earlier fixed drilling and production platforms in the North Sea. The main difference is that there is no dedicated emergency generator on board. Instead each of the three main generators has been upgraded to a standard normally associated with emergency sets. This provides higher...
This paper presents a fair and non-discriminatory method in losses charge allocation. Traditionally, the method of allocating the charge to the consumer (generators and loads) is widely based on bilateral contract or postage stamp methods. Recently, the introduction of power tracing in searching the true sense of losses allocation in the real system has been implemented. However, this method requires...
CRC (Cyclic Redundancy Check) is a simple and an elegant method for error detection. It finds application in most of the high-speed data communication protocol. In High Energy Physics experiment often CRC is used for control and data frame communication with detectors placed at radiation zone. Reliability of CRC error detection capability alters with generator polynomial chosen. The most popular choice...
This paper reports on future electricity generation scenarios modelled using NEMO, a model that applies a genetic algorithm to optimise a mix of simulated generators to meet hourly demand profiles, to the required reliability standard, at lowest overall industry cost. The modelling examined the least and near least cost technology portfolios for a scenario that limited emissions to approximately one...
This study assesses the potential impact of high renewable generation on the spot electricity prices, generator revenue and profits in an energy-only electricity market. In particular, it presents modelling outcomes for the Australian National Electricity Market (NEM) with a range of possible renewable penetrations in 2030. It is assumed that the current reliability standard is maintained and participants...
We introduce a low-latency stochastic decoding algorithm, called conditional stochastic decoding, to implement iterative Low-Density Parity-Check (LDPC) decoders. The conditional stochastic decoder, which utilizes reliable messages in the decoding process and the channel receiving probability to generate stochastic streams, improves error rate performance and decreases decoding latency. Compared to...
The integration of increasing amounts of intermittent renewable generation whose reliability contributions are significantly different than those of the historically dispatchable thermal generating units is important to future electric generation planning. With relatively small amounts of intermittent generation, reliability impacts may not be detectable; however, as renewable integration goals continue...
This paper describes enhancements to ATC's cascading study criteria and the implementation of a fast automated process using POM/OPM software for conducting comprehensive steady state multiple element contingency screening and cascading analysis, finding mitigations to restore the system to be within emergency and/or normal performance limits, and automatically tabulating significant results and summaries...
Distributed Generators are gaining significant importance in bridging the gap between limited generation capacities and steeply increasing demands. Micro-grids are slowly replacing distribution systems in view of satisfying the needs of select customers without compromising the quality of power. In this regard, an optimal planning has been attempted in this paper in view of transforming an existing...
During certifications or audits to NERC Reliability Standards, conflicting interpretations confront registered entities. This is particularly true for Independent Power Producers located in multiple regions and continually facing audits on an ongoing basis. In the recent past, the specific lack of a clear and unambiguous definition of Generator Owners applicability resulted in frequent misapplication...
This paper is based upon a NERC report released in 2013 that claimed a dramatic rise in the annual number of misoperations—due in large part to the complexity of programming and testing numerical protection relays. This paper illustrates results discussed in the NERC report, as well as provides several interesting examples of actual misoperations and how to mitigate them.
Due to government policies, the declining cost of renewable energy technology and the increased costs of fossil fuels, energy sources such as wind and solar are becoming a larger part of the power producing mix. As renewable generators start to replace conventional sources such as coal, oil, gas and nuclear there is a growing concern by utility operators that the power system reliability may be compromised...
This paper presents findings on potential frequency-response-related impacts of increased variable renewable wind generation on North America's western interconnection by 2012. The assessment was conducted using commercially available, production-grade dynamic simulation tools and industry-developed system models, which include the amount of wind generation capacity that planners in the interconnection...
The continuous increase in fuel costs for generators is driving organizations that use power in off-grid locations to search for more cost-effective ways of powering their sites. This is especially the case within the telecoms sector where grid supply is unreliable. Therefore, choosing a reliable method (including equipment) to generate electricity to run sites is vital to successfully operate equipment.
Existing screening procedures contained in state and federal interconnection rules are designed to balance the need for efficiency and technical rigor for all Distributed Generation (DG). The interconnection of DG that pose no risk of system impacts based on the screens can be expedited without the need for further studies. While the interconnection screening procedures have served the industry well,...
Until recently, most of the standards imposed on wind turbine electrical performance were based on IEC and various European national requirements. As the wind turbine business in North America has grown, standards activities have been initiated by UL, NERC, CSA, and others. This presentation will compare and contrast standards being introduced for specification of electrical performance for wind turbines...
State and potential federal policies are expected to increase renewable generation in North America in the immediate future. Much of this growth will be from variable resources such as wind generation and solar photovoltaic (PV). As the amount of variable generation increases, the reliability of the bulk power system can be negatively impacted if provisions are not made to accommodate the additional...
State and potential federal policies are expected to significantly increase renewable generation in North America in the immediate future. Much of this growth will be from variable resources such as wind generation and solar photovoltaic (PV). As the amount of variable generation (VG) increases, the reliability of the bulk power system can be negatively impacted if provisions are not made to accommodate...
The NERC Protection System Maintenance and Testing Standard Drafting Team has, in recent months, issued its draft of Reliability Standard PRC-005-2, Protection System Maintenance, along with supporting explanatory documents. The new Standard implements FERC-ordered changes by adding specific requirements for maximum maintenance time intervals and activities. However, the new draft Standard also opens...
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