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In applications of Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs), all data packets are directed towards a single base-station (BS) over multi-hop routes. The BS is usually responsible for processing the collected data and interfacing the WSN to remote users. The continuous flow of packets towards the BS enables the adversary to analyze the traffic and uncover the BS position. In this paper, we present a technique...
Optimized energy utilization in Underwater Wireless Sensor Networks (UWSNs) is a challenging task and an active research area. Non-uniform energy consumption in a sensor network creates coverage holes that mean nodes with no transmission energy. These holes degrade the performance and reduce lifetime of UWSNs. In this work, we propose an Optimized Depth Based Routing (ODBR) scheme which ensures uniform...
Wireless sensor network (WSN) consists of sensor nodes to sense environmental or physical data and that will be communicated to sink through one hop or multi hop communication. These sensors are small, with limited processing and computing resources. These sensors can sense, measure, and gather information from the environment and transmit that data to the sink. All nodes in network are trying to...
A system having an embedded processor which can operate at minimum power with a small memory, where sensor having low data rate, battery, a GPS system and transceiver that operates at low data rate, collectively constitute a wireless device system. The power source in a wireless device system has a fixed value electro motive force (EMF) which is nothing but a battery. The EMF placed to any wireless...
Detectable Opportunistic Forwarding (DOF) is a duplicate free opportunistic forwarding protocol for low duty cycled wireless sensor network. DOF enables senders to obtain the information of all potential forwarders through acknowledgement scheme deliver the data packets to the next hop forwarder. Based on admission control algorithm using link stability the duplicate packets can be removed. The experimental...
The energy consumption in Wireless Sensor Networks, WSN, need to be balanced in order to avoid early depletion of nodes. In this paper we use a common context to analyze a broad range of the energy balancing algorithms suggested in literature. In addition we suggest three new algorithms to complete the range. Altogether, nine different balancing techniques are analyzed. We focuses on networks running...
Quality of Service (QoS) provisioning in Wireless Sensor Networks (WSNs) presents an open research issue within the scientific community because the rapid development of microelectronics proliferates new applications for WSNs. These applications often require a connection of end-to-end delay and high reliability for various communication models. Within this scope, a special class of WSNs are query...
The nodes near sink in wireless sensor networks are featured with heavy transmission loads, so these performance bottleneck nodes are prone to running out of energy early with shortened network lifetime. Routing tactic plays important role on transmission performance and energy consumption of network. In this paper, we enumerate typical source routing tactics in Grid topology, include 1) Random Equal...
In Wireless Sensor Network (WSNs), routing protocol is an important aspect to utilize network resources fairly. Normally, routing mechanisms are selfish in nature and are based on a single objective criterion, e.g., hop count. This behaviour is inappropriate for a long lasting communication as it causes performance degradation in the entire network and ultimately leads to network congestion. To enhance...
In this paper, a distributed traffic-balancing routing protocol is proposed for multi-sink industrial wireless sensor networks that effectively distributes traffic from sources to sinks. Each node has a gradient field that is used to decide on a neighbor node to reach a sink. The node's gradient index contains (1) the distance cost from source to a respective sink, and (2) traffic information from...
Wireless Mesh Networks (WMNs) are broadly used recently, due to its flexibility, reliability and robust services. IEEE 802.11s defines Hybrid Wireless Mesh Protocol (HWMP) as the default routing protocol for WMNs and airtime link metric as the default path selection metric. Airtime metric can collect the channel information from both PHY and MAC layers to estimate average latency per packet transmission...
Opportunistic networks is one of the fast developing research areas in mobile communications. Under opportunistic networks, mobile nodes try to communicate with other nodes without any prior information and knowledge about the network topology. Furthermore, network topologies are dynamic and can rapidly change. In addition, communication under opportunistic networks is erratic, thus routes between...
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are used in many applications to gather sensitive information which is then forwarded to an analysis center. Resource limitations have to be taken into account when designing a WSN infrastructure. Unbalanced energy consumption is an inherent problem in WSNs, characterized by multihop routing and a many-to-one traffic pattern. This uneven energy dissipation can significantly...
This paper presents a novel scheme for avoiding congestion in the field of wireless sensor networks. Our new scheme provides a priority based approach for wireless sensor cluster network to reduce traffic load using congestion aware routing (CAR). It proposes the new mechanism for the purpose of mitigating congestion which enhances the performance of the network. The proposed mechanism uses congestion...
In this paper Dynamic Sleep Scheduling (DSS) for Minimizing Delay in Wireless Sensor Network is proposed. To reduce delay, DSS identifies nodes for different sleep/wake according to their traffic load at two levels: a) Nodes with different sleep/wake schedule requirement according to their different traffic load based on their topological importance in the network. b) Nodes with different sleep/wake...
The growing popularity of wireless sensor networks (WSNs) lead to the shifting of research focus from WSNs to wireless multimedia sensor networks (WMSNs). Most existing routing protocols for WSNs do not satisfy the need of continuous and higher data rate routing requirements of WMSNs. In this paper a new routing protocol (LEAR) for WMSNs has been proposed which establish routing paths based on node...
One of the challenges in routing for dense Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN) is balancing the traffic over different paths. Load-balancing methods inspired by physical phenomena such as electrostatics and optics have been studied in recent years, and the proposed methods are promising in energy-critical routing applications. Such methods model information flow in continuous domain in order to benefit...
We address the optimal sink scheduling problem in wireless sensor networks (WSNs). The problem is inherently difficult since sink scheduling and data routing are tightly coupled. Previous approaches either have questionable performance due to no joint considerations, or are based on relaxed constraints. Our aim is to fill in this blank in the research. First, by discretizing continuous time, we develop...
We propose an efficient scheme for generating fake network traffic to disguise the real event notification in the presence of a global eavesdropper, which is especially relevant for the quality of service in delay-intolerant applications monitoring rare and spatially sparse events, and deployed as large wireless sensor networks with single data collector. The efficiency of the scheme that provides...
Wireless Sensor Network(WSN) is being emerged as a prevailing technology in future due to its wide range of applications in military and civilian domains. These networks are easily prone to security attacks, since once deployed these networks are unattended and unprotected. Some of the inherent features like limited battery and low memory makes sensor networks infeasible to use conventional security...
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