Cancer
BACKGROUND:Human glioblastoma is a deadly brain cancer that continues to defy all current therapeutic strategies. The authors induced apoptosis in human glioblastoma T98G and U87MG cells after treatment with apigenin, (−)‐epigallocatechin, (−)‐epigallocatechin‐3‐gallate (EGCG), and genistein, which did not induce apoptosis in human normal astrocytes.
METHODS:Induction of apoptosis was examined using...
BACKGROUND:The results of an international, multicenter, randomized, double‐blind, controlled study assessing the efficacy and safety of lenalidomide treatment in patients with refractory stage IV metastatic malignant melanoma are reported.
METHODS:The study compared treatment with lenalidomide (25 mg/d on Days 1‐21 of a 28‐day cycle) to placebo in 306 patients with metastatic malignant melanoma...
BACKGROUND:Mutations in the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) gene are common in white persons and are associated with pancreatic disease. The purpose of this case‐control study was to determine whether CFTR mutations confer a higher risk of pancreatic cancer.
METHODS:In a case‐control study, the authors compared the rates of 39 common cystic fibrosis‐associated CFTR mutations...
BACKGROUND:The prognosis after recurrence of pediatric acute myeloid leukemia (AML) is poor, and effective salvage regimens are urgently needed.
METHODS:In phase 1 and pilot studies, the authors evaluated the maximum tolerated dose (MTD) and dose‐limiting toxicities (DLTs) of a 5‐day course of cladribine followed by topotecan in pediatric patients with recurrent/refractory AML. The cladribine dose...
BACKGROUND:Patient–reported outcomes have shown independent prognostic value for patients with nonsmall cell lung cancer (NSCLC). However, translating patient‐reported outcomes into useful prognostic information for individual patients has been problematic.
METHODS:A total of 94 patients with advanced NSCLC and an Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status (PS) of 0 to 2 who qualified...
BACKGROUND:Black patients are at greater of risk of death from bladder cancer than white patients. Potential explanations for this disparity include a more aggressive phenotype and delays in diagnosis resulting in higher stage disease. Alternatively, black patients may receive a lower quality of care, which may explain this difference.
METHODS:Using Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER)‐Medicare...
BACKGROUND:Preoperative chemotherapy for hepatic resection of colorectal liver metastases is associated with the development of chemotherapy‐associated steatohepatitis (CASH). This increases the risk of perioperative morbidity and mortality. To the authors' knowledge, an animal model for CASH has not been described previously. It has been established that fatty acid bile acid conjugates (FABACs) prevent...
BACKGROUND:Protein phosphatase 2A (PP2A) is a major cellular phosphatase and plays key regulatory roles in growth, differentiation, and apoptosis. Women who are diagnosed with benign proliferative breast disease are at increased risk for the subsequent development of breast cancer.
METHODS:The authors evaluated genetic variation of PP2A holoenzyme subunits for their potential contribution to breast...
BACKGROUND:Multiple myeloma (MM) remains an incurable cancer. Treatment often is initiated at the time patients experience a progressive increase in tumor burden. The authors of this report investigated magnetic resonance imaging of the bone marrow (BM‐MRI) as a novel approach to quantify disease burden and validated a staging system by correlating BM‐MRI with common clinical and laboratory parameters...
BACKGROUND:nab‐Paclitaxel (ABI‐007, Abraxane), a 130‐nM, albumin‐bound (nab) particle form of Cremophor‐free paclitaxel, is approved for metastatic breast cancer. In the current study, the efficacy and safety of nab‐paclitaxel were evaluated in previously treated and chemotherapy‐naive patients with metastatic melanoma (MM).
METHODS:Patients with histologically or cytologically confirmed, measurable...
BACKGROUND:Individuals who had past hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection appeared to clear their serum hepatitis B surface antigen (HBsAg) while producing antibody to the hepatitis B core antigen (HBcAb), which is detectable in their serum. Currently, it is uncertain whether patients with past HBV infection require routine antiviral prophylaxis during chemotherapy, although some cancer agencies recommend...
BACKGROUND:In a series of 575 patients ≤21 years of age with soft tissue sarcomas (STSs), the authors investigated the association patterns between symptom interval (ie, the period between the onset of the first symptoms or signs of the disease and its definitive diagnosis) and patient/tumor characteristics or disease outcome (in terms of survival).
METHODS:The analysis was based on multivariate...
BACKGROUND:The authors evaluated the utility of immunofluorescence staining with an antipromyelocytic leukemia (anti‐PML) antibody for patients with a suspected diagnosis of new or relapsed acute promyelocytic leukemia (APL) and correlated the findings with the results of other established diagnostic modalities.
METHODS:Bone marrow (BM) and/or peripheral blood (PB) smears from 349 patients in whom...
BACKGROUND:Dasatinib, a highly potent BCR‐ABL inhibitor, is an effective treatment for patients with chronic myeloid leukemia in chronic phase (CML CP) after resistance, suboptimal response, or intolerance to prior imatinib. In a phase 3 dose optimization trial in patients with CML CP (CA180‐034), the occurrence of pleural effusion was significantly minimized with dasatinib 100 mg once daily (QD)...
BACKGROUND:Cancer‐related fatigue can be measured as both a unidimensional and a multidimensional construct. Unidimensional fatigue and its symptom correlates have undergone some previous investigation; however, minimal research has considered the differential effect of correlates on individual dimensions of fatigue. The objective of the current study was to investigate cancer‐related fatigue in a...
BACKGROUND:The value of local treatment in patients with primary, disseminated, multifocal Ewing sarcoma (PDMES) was investigated.
METHODS:We analyzed 120 patients registered into the European Ewing Tumor Working Initiative of National Groups (EURO‐E.W.I.N.G. 99) trial at the trial center of Muenster from 1998 to 2006. Median age was 16.2 years. Local treatment of the primary tumor was surgery in...