This chapter first lists some undisputed facts about climate, and then briefly reviews work on projections for the future, highlighting the many uncertainties. So far as greenhouse gases are concerned, the oil palm industry can play a role in reducing emissions, but it is also part of the problem. The chapter considers both aspects. Oil palm is the most efficient way of meeting the demand for vegetable oil by an expanding global population, as a smaller land area is needed for a given production level than with other oil crops. The chapter discusses possible effects of future climate change on growth and yield of the palm. Although there are no reliable projections of how the future climate will change, the possible changes include rising carbondioxide, rising temperature, greater rainfall seasonality, and rising sea level, and effects of all these on the crop are discussed.