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Aims
Financial incentives were the single most effective intervention for smoking cessation in pregnancy in a recent Cochrane Review, but based on a few small trials in the United States using only 7‐day point prevalence measures of cessation. This study estimates (a) prolonged cessation in an unselected population of English pregnant smokers who are offered financial incentives for quitting and...
Aims
To examine whether young adults’ alcohol consumption during the course of an evening was affected by the number of friends present, and the interaction between participants’ gender and number of friends present.
Design
Participants used the internet‐based cellphone‐optimized assessment technique (ICAT) to complete a series of cellphone questionnaires every Thursday, Friday and Saturday evening...
Aims
To (1) estimate predictors of first‐ versus second‐generation electronic cigarette (e‐cigarette) choice; and (2) determine whether a second‐generation device was (i) superior for reducing urge to smoke and withdrawal symptoms (WS) and (ii) associated with enhanced positive subjective effects.
Design
Mixed‐effects experimental design. Phase 1: reason for e‐cigarette choice was assessed via questionnaire...
Aims
To describe the blood alcohol concentration (BAC) of adolescent homicide victims in Johannesburg, South Africa and to identify the victim and event characteristics associated with a positive BAC at the time of death.
Design
Logistic regression of mortality data collected by the National Injury Mortality Surveillance System (NIMSS).
Setting
Johannesburg, South Africa.
Participants
A total...
Aims
The purpose of this paper is to discover patterns of drug use initiations over time through a multiple event process survival mixture model (MEPSUM model), a novel approach for substance use and prevention research.
Design
The MEPSUM model combines survival analysis and mixture modeling—specifically latent class analysis—to examine individual differences in the timing of initiation and cumulative...
Aims
Failure to complete high school predicts substantial economic and social disadvantage in adult life. The aim of this study was to determine the longitudinal association of mid‐adolescent polydrug use and high school non‐completion, relative to other drug use profiles.
Design
A longitudinal analysis of the relationship between polydrug use in three cohorts at grade 9 (age 14–15 years) and school...
Aims
To investigate the association between frequency of visiting shops and noticing of tobacco point‐of‐sale (PoS) displays and the development of susceptibility to smoking, or smoking uptake, in secondary school students.
Design
Two surveys of a school based cohort study carried out in 2011 and 2012.
Settings
Nottinghamshire, UK.
Participants
A total of 2270 children aged 11–16 years from eight...
Aims
To assess systematically the risk of HIV acquisition by type of drug injected across different settings.
Methods
A systematic review and meta‐analysis were conducted. Databases were searched for studies of HIV incidence in people who inject different drugs (PWID). Pooled HIV incidence rate ratio (IRR) was used to compare HIV risk between injecting and not‐injecting a given drug, when possible,...
Aims
To address characteristics of drinking establishments, bartenders and patrons that may affect the likelihood of over‐serving.
Design
A systematic examination of 425 purchase attempts with pseudo‐intoxicated patrons enacting scripts that, according to the law, should lead to the denial of alcohol sales.
Setting and Participants
Drinking establishments in the three largest cities in Norway (Trondheim,...
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