Solid Oxide Fuel Cells (SOFCs), in principle, can directly use not only hydrogen but also hydrocarbon fuels such as methane, butane and so on. Notably, hydrocarbons are decomposed into hydrogen and solid carbon at high temperatures. In addition, carbon deposition caused rapid deterioration of anode performance on SOFCs. It was found that O2– ion conductors in nickel‐based anodes affected the durability under direct hydrocarbon utilization. Ni‐Scandia Stabilized Zirconia (ScSZ) anode indicated higher durability than Ni‐Yttria Stabilized Zirconia (YSZ) anode at 1000°C in 97%CH4‐3%H2O. Whereas, graphite nanofibers growth on the Ni‐ScSZ anode suffered less degradation under direct methane utilization, a large amount of amorphous carbon deposition on the Ni‐YSZ anode damaged the Ni catalyst. However, the Ni‐ScSZ anode deteriorated rapidly for less than 4 hours at 600°C in 17 %C4H10‐3%H2O‐N2 due to the increase in the carbon deposition rate compared to methane. The cell with Ni‐Gadolinia Doped Ceria (GDC) anode was able to generate power continuously for more than 24 hours at 600°C under direct butane utilization, because GDC had high catalytic activity against the oxidation of carbon species. Consequently, development of microtubular cell stacks with the Ni‐GDC anode, and the demonstration of a prototype portable SOFC system using a commercially available Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) cartridge thus became successful.