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Evidence from mitochondrial DNA indicates divergence of two cattle taxa, Bos indicus and Bos taurus, more than 100,000 years ago. These two taxa were likely domesticated independently some 10,000 years before present. Numerous bovine-specific genomic resources are now available or being developed, including full-length cDNA clones, long-oligo microarrays, high density SNP arrays, and the whole genome...
Buffalo belong to the Bovini tribe of the Bovidae family, which in turn belongs to the Ruminantia suborder of the Cetartiodactyla order. Two main species of buffalo are found in the world: the Asiatic (water) buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) and the African buffalo (Syncerus caffer). The water buffalo has two main subspecies: the river buffalo with a karyotype of 2n = 50 and the swamp buffalo with 2n = 48...
The development of a genome map for sheep (Ovis aries) has greatly advanced the identification of genetic regions influencing and controlling traits in this species. Other ovine genomic resources available for researchers include radiation hybrid panels, large-insert genomic libraries, large-scale sequencing projects, and most recently, the virtual sheep genome, a whole-genome physical map orientated...
Deer are ruminants that exist in a wide variety of habitats across the globe, and are considerably diverse in their morphology. Most living deer species have been assigned to the Cervidae family, including at least 40 species of deer, and an additional five species have been assigned to the Moschidae family. Many of the cervid species now have molecular genetic markers that are available for various...
From the time of initial domestication of wild birds, poultry have served humans as a source of food and a subject of cultural use, similar to other livestock species. The availability of genomic resources ranges from a fully annotated whole genome sequence for the chicken (Gallus gallus) to highly developed linkage maps in Japanese quail (Coturnix japonica), to large insert libraries and at least...
The past few years have brought dramatic changes in the availability of genomic resources for the turkey (Meleagris gallopavo), from just a handful of genetic markers and sequences to over hundreds of genetic markers and thousands of DNA sequences. Several genetic linkage maps, which have served as the framework for functional genomic studies of traits such as round heart and AFB1 toxicity, will soon...
Both wild and domestic rabbits belong to the species Oryctolagus cuniculus. Although rabbits provide value through meat and fur production, and they serve as an important biomedical animal model, research in rabbits have been hampered because of a lack of genomic resources. With the recent development of a rabbit linkage map containing cytogenetically anchored linkage data, large-insert BAC libraries,...
Extensive genomic resources, including high-density linkage and radiation hybrid maps and the whole genome sequence, have been developed for the dog (Canis familiaris). Using these resources, causative mutations controlling biomedically interesting traits in this species have been identified. Phylogenetic analysis of dog and wolf mitochondrial DNA sequences have led to the suggestion of four to six...
The pig (Sus scrofa) is an important species both as a food source and as a biomedical model for human biology. Significant progress has been made since the early 1990s to develop pig genetic, physical, and radiation hybrid maps. In addition, numerous quantitative trait loci (QTL) controlling economically important traits in pigs have been discovered. However, the identification of the causative mutations...
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