Serwis Infona wykorzystuje pliki cookies (ciasteczka). Są to wartości tekstowe, zapamiętywane przez przeglądarkę na urządzeniu użytkownika. Nasz serwis ma dostęp do tych wartości oraz wykorzystuje je do zapamiętania danych dotyczących użytkownika, takich jak np. ustawienia (typu widok ekranu, wybór języka interfejsu), zapamiętanie zalogowania. Korzystanie z serwisu Infona oznacza zgodę na zapis informacji i ich wykorzystanie dla celów korzytania z serwisu. Więcej informacji można znaleźć w Polityce prywatności oraz Regulaminie serwisu. Zamknięcie tego okienka potwierdza zapoznanie się z informacją o plikach cookies, akceptację polityki prywatności i regulaminu oraz sposobu wykorzystywania plików cookies w serwisie. Możesz zmienić ustawienia obsługi cookies w swojej przeglądarce.
Diagnosis, treatment and management of urinary tract infections in the pediatric population remain controversial. Pediatric UTIs are common and constitute a significant health burden; it is estimated that 7% of girls and 2% of boys under age 6 will be diagnosed with a urinary tract infection. In addition to appropriate treatment, the goal of managing UTIs in children should be to identify and modify...
Urinary tract infection (UTI) is common in childhood. Three percent of boys and eleven percent of girls have had at least one UTI before their 16th birthday. In the first 3 years of life the sex related incidence is approximately equal, but thereafter UTI becomes more common in girls. Correct diagnosis, treatment and subsequent targeted investigation of UTI in children is important because of the...
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) remain a significant cause of serious bacterial infections in children. It represents the most common bacterial infection in children less than 2 years of age. The incidence of UTIs varies depending on age and sex. In the first year of life, mostly the first 3 months, UTIs are more common in boys (3.7%) than in girls (2%). Later the incidence changes and approximately...
Urinary tract infections (UTIs) are a common childhood condition. It is estimated that 2% of boys and 7% of girls will be diagnosed with a urinary UTI by age 6.1, 2 Under 1 year of age, boys are more likely to present with a UTI than girls; after this age, girls get UTIs more commonly than boys.1
Abnormalities of the scrotum are frequently encountered in children and adolescents. Certain scrotal conditions require emergent care while others are non-emergent. Sorting through the many different conditions that result in an “abnormal appearing” scrotum is critical in determining the acuity of care and in choosing the appropriate treatment. This chapter will outline the different conditions that...
The management of foreskin conditions varies amongst medical practitioners from observation to circumcision. A number of conditions may affect the foreskin and may lead to a specialist referral. This chapter deals with common foreskin problems, their etiology and management in primary/emergency care. Indications for referral will be highlighted. Circumcision will be dealt with in another chapter.
Hypospadias (Fig. 7.1) is one of the more common conditions treated by pediatric urologists. Its incidence is around 8–16/1,000 live births.1 The penis is fully developed within the first 12–16 weeks of embryonic life so there is no associated increased risk of having hypospadias in premature neonates. This entity is usually referred after recognizing the defect at birth. The examiner will note in...
Three percent of term male infants have cryptorchidism, or undescended testis, while approximately 17% of premature males are affected.1 The rate of spontaneous descent is debatable, with incidence ranges of 10–70% reported.1,2 The testis may be abdominal, inguinal, scrotal or ectopic.
The prepuce is apparent prenatally at 8 weeks of gestation as a ridge of thickened epithelium. The prepuce grows forward over the glans to completion by 16 weeks of gestation. Early in gestation there is no separation between the epithelium lining the prepuce and glans. Preputial adhesions are a characteristic of normal development with initiation of spontaneous separation by desquamation late in...
In this chapter on the disorders of the female external genitalia, identification and treatment of labial adhesions and recognition of the classic interlabial masses is emphasized. The significance of vaginal discharge and vaginal bleeding in the prepubertal female is discussed.
Between 7% and 10% of school age children are seen by a specialist for recurrent urinary tract infections and/or urinary incontinence based on non-neurogenic lower urinary tract dysfunction.
Enuresis or nocturnal enuresis is the involuntary, intermittent release of urine during sleep. There are two types of nocturnal enuresis. Primary enuresis occurs in children aged 5 years or older who are neurologically and developmentally normal, but have not yet achieved 6 months or more of nighttime dryness. Secondary enuresis is the relapse of nighttime wetting in children who have achieved at...
Constipation is commonly seen in pediatric patients. It is a frequent complaint seen by pediatric gastroenterologists as well as primary care providers. Constipation is very relevant to pediatric urology patients as it is seen frequently in patients presenting with urinary tract infections and/or voiding dysfunction. Dysfunctional elimination is the combination of bowel and bladder dysfunction that...
The dipsticks are very sensitive for blood and can be positive at <5 RBCs per high power field. Evidence of red blood cells in the urine should be confirmed by microscopy which should be performed on fresh urine. Contrast microscopy has been advocated with anatomically normal red blood cells suggesting bleeding of lower urinary tract origin as distinct from dysmorphic red cells suggesting a higher...
Abdominal pain is one of the most common symptoms in pediatric practice. Etiologies behind it are multiple; a number of urological conditions present themselves with abdominal pain which may be classified as follows: a. Obstructive b. Nonobstructive pathologies: infectious diseases, malignancies and gynecological conditions
Podaj zakres dat dla filtrowania wyświetlonych wyników. Możesz podać datę początkową, końcową lub obie daty. Daty możesz wpisać ręcznie lub wybrać za pomocą kalendarza.