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Terrain detection and classification are critical elements for NASA mission preparations and landing site selection. In this paper, we have investigated several image features and classifiers for lunar terrain classification. The proposed histogram of gradient orientation effectively discerns the characteristics of various terrain types. We further develop an open-source Lunar Image Labeling Toolkit...
In this paper, the Bezier curve and surface are used to model the shape of the Corpus Callosum (CC) region from T1-weighted clinical MRI scans. We drive a closed form solution for the Bezier coefficients in 2D and 3D Euclidean spaces. The coefficients of the models are used for reconstruction of the CC contours and surfaces with varying degrees of accuracy, and constitute basis for discrimination...
This paper presents a way to efficiently use lane detection techniques - known from driver assistance systems - to assist in obstacle detection for autonomous trains. On the one hand, there are several properties that can be exploited to improve conventional lane detection algorithms when used for railway applications. The heavily changing visual appearance of the tracks is compensated by very effective...
This paper presents a technique for layout analysis of historical document images based on local descriptors. The considered layout elements are regions of regular text and elements having a decorative meaning such as headlines and initials. The proposed technique exploits the differences in the local properties of the layout elements. For this purpose, an approach drawing its inspiration from state-of-the-art...
We propose a segmentation method for blurred and low-resolution CT images focusing physical properties. The basic idea of our research is simple: two objects can be easily separated in areas of structural weakness. Given CT images of an object, we assign a physical property such as Young’s modulus to each voxel and create functional images (e.g., von Mises strain at the voxel). We then remove the...
Face pose estimation from standard imagery remains a complex computer vision problem that requires identifying the primary modes of variance directly corresponding to pose variation, while ignoring variance due to face identity and other noise factors. Conventional methods either fail to extract the salient pose defining features, or require complex embedding operations. We propose a new method for...
This paper presents a contour-based indexing and retrieval method for content-based image/video retrieval applications. It is based on extracting closed contours, smoothing the contour, indexing with a variation of BK-trees, and using a turning function metric for data comparison. The method is very lightweight, fast and robust - the goal being retaining close to realtime speeds for real applicability...
In this paper, we introduce an illumination normalization approach within frequency domain by utilizing Discrete Wavelet Transform (DWT) as a transformation function in order to suppress illumination variations and simultaneously amplify facial feature such as eyeball, eyebrow, nose, and mouth. The basic ideas are: 1) transform a face image from spatial domain into frequency domain and then obtain...
Model-based detection and classification of nodules are two major steps in CAD systems design and evaluation. This paper examines feature-based nodule description for the purpose of classification in low dose CT scanning. After candidate nodules are detected, a process of classification of these nodules into types is needed. The SURF and the LBP descriptors are used to generate the features that describe...
This paper addresses the problem of tracking moving objects of variable appearance in challenging scenes rich with features and texture. Reliable tracking is of pivotal importance in surveillance applications. It is made particularly difficult by the nature of objects encountered in such scenes: these too change in appearance and scale, and are often articulated (e.g. humans). We propose a method...
This publication proposes a strategy to enhance the compression performance of Motion-JPEG2000 by the reduction of interframe redundancies. This is achieved by a new frame structure allowing to remove redundancies and to reconstruct the original stream without loss. The introduced advancement is able to increase the compression efficiency and keeps other beneficial property of the traditional codec,...
This paper addresses multiple-view L2 triangulation by proposing a new method based on eigenvalue problems (EVPs), which belong to the class of convex programming. The proposed method provides a candidate of the sought 3D point and a straightforward condition for establishing its optimality, which also yields a guaranteed range for the optimal cost of the triangulation problem in case of...
We propose an improved shape matching algorithm that extends the work of Felzenszwalb [3]. In this approach, we use triangular meshes to represent deformable objects and use dynamic programming to find the optimal mapping from the source image to the target image which minimizes a new energy function. Our energy function includes a new cost term that takes into account the center of mass of an image...
Distinguishing pulmonary arterial and venous (A/V) trees via in vivo imaging is essential for quantification of vascular geometry useful to diagnose several pulmonary diseases. A multi-scale topo-morphologic opening algorithm has recently been introduced separating A/V trees via non-contrast CT imaging. The method starts with two sets of seeds — one for each of A/V trees and combines fuzzy distance...
Detection of events and actions in video entails substantial processing of very large, even open-ended, video streams. Video data presents a unique challenge for the information retrieval community because it is hard to find a way to properly represent video events. We propose a novel approach to analyze temporal aspects of video data. We consider the video data as a sequence of images that form a...
The impressive advances in robotic spatial reasoning over the past decade have relied primarily on rich sensory data provided by laser range finders. Relative to cameras, however, lasers are heavy, bulky, power-hungry, and expensive. This work proposes and evaluates an image-segmentation pipeline that produces range scans from ordinary webcameras. Starting with a nearest-neighbor classification of...
In this work we propose a mechanism which looks at processing the low-level visual information present in video frames and prepares mid-level tracking trajectories of objects of interest within the video. The main component of the proposed framework takes detected objects as inputs and generates their appearance models, maintains them and tracks these individuals within the video. The proposed object...
Driver fatigue is a major cause of traffic accidents. The fatigue detection systems based on computer vision have great potential given its property of non-invasiveness. Major challenges that arise are fast movements of eyes and mouth, changes in pose and lighting variations. In this paper an Active Shape Model is presented for facial features detection of features extracted from the parametric model...
NASA has recently been building 3-dimensional models of the moon based on photos taken from orbiting satellites and the Apollo missions. One issue with the stereo reconstruction is the handling of “outliers”, or areas with rapid and unexpected change in the data. Outliers may be introduced by issues such as shadows on the surface, areas with low amounts of surface detail, or flaws in the camera systems...
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