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This chapter will look at the main environmental influences and controls on damage to heritage, which occurs even in the absence of pollution, and also examine the main characteristics and sources of the most important air pollutants that exacerbate this damage or, in some cases, add new types of damage. The types of damage are briefly reviewed at the beginning of the chapter. It is also important...
Chapter one discussed the role of air pollution in damaging our cultural heritage and showed that, in general, emissions have reduced but also that the pollution is changing in its nature with the evolution of a new pollutant environment. The dominance of SO2 pollution has fallen and traffic derived pollutants have increased, creating a new multi-pollutant situation.
Corrosion is a familiar concept – as familiar as the rusting of steel left outside or the green patina of an old copper roof. Corrosion attack is normally seen as a non-desirable effect that causes a loss of aesthetic value and mechanical strength, although many find the patina attractive. This chapter takes those simple concepts and expands them to present the actual mechanisms involved and to relate...
Soiling is another simple and familiar concept – we all know (or remember) the blackness of buildings associated with industrial urban cities or the streaked effect on limestone buildings. This chapter looks at the actual mechanisms involved and relates them to atmospheric pollution.
The influences of air pollution and deterioration by microorganisms on buildings, monuments, and sculptures made of stone gained considerable attention in the last Century. Both damage functions were usually discussed separately. In this contribution we deal with the mutual interactions of both factors on stone monuments, which is an emerging area of research.
The damage functions discussed in Chapters 3 and 4 can be used to assess the impact of pollution by calculating the rate at which a given material will corrode or soil. If it is desirable for policy development to estimate a regional impact, there is one other vital data component required, which is an estimate of the amount of each material being affected that is known as the stock at risk. This...
The preceding chapters have, to a large extent, concentrated on an examination of the scientific methods of working out how much heritage materials are damaged by the environment that they are in. Science alone, however, does not tell us what to do about it. In the real world, the decisive factor is usually cost. There are many influences on the cost that we are prepared to accept for the given goods...
This chapter looks at ways that the techniques and procedures described in the previous chapters can serve as tools for owners and managers including local authorities responsible for objects of cultural heritage. All of them have their benefits and usually a combined use of some of them can be an efficient tool in the efforts of reducing the risk and consequently the maintenance cost. The chapter...
There are two main ways to protect cultural heritage objects from air pollution damage. First, by reducing ambient levels of air pollution and second, by instigating local management strategies that either reduce the impact of pollution or repair the damage.
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