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Metal-enhanced fluorescence (MEF) can increase the overall emissions of a multitude of fluorophores by positioning the fluorophore in close proximity to an appropriate metal-coated surface. Near-infrared (near-IR) fluorophores placed near these metal surfaces combine the increased emissions of MEF with the low background characteristics of near-IR fluorescence. Together, this combination of high emission,...
The analysis of series of molecular fluorescence or absorption spectra forms an integral part of innumerable investigations on the physicochemical properties of chemical or biological systems. In many typical complex applications, such as photochemical systems with multiple interconversion processes in the ground and in the excited states or biochemical ligand binding studies with several possible...
In this chapter, we discuss the basics of cathodic hot electron-induced electrogenerated chemiluminescence (HECL). In the applications of HECL, we discuss, e.g., the usable electrode materials and their advantages as well as the applicable solution conditions in aqueous media. We also summarize the luminophore types excitable by this method and their usability as labels in practical bioaffinity assay...
Development of efficient and photostable fluorophores that absorb and emit in the red and near-infrared (NIR, between 650 and 900 nm) spectral regions are of interest in many fields as optical engineering, analytical chemistry, biology, and medicine as new revolutionary tools for noninvasive and simple in vivo optical imaging. NIR fluorescent dyes have been often spotlighted owing to the advantages...
A couple of novel ceramic luminescent materials based on Bi4(TiO4)3 and LiZnVO4 matrices have been developed by a conventional solid-state reaction method. An intense blue emission at 480 nm has been measured with an excitation at 418 nm from the Bismuth Titanate Bi4(TiO4)3 ceramic powder. A bright green emission at 533 nm has been measured upon with λexci = 359 nm. The mechanisms involved...
While mechanical forces are known to guide the development of nearly all biological tissues including bone, cartilage, and many soft tissues, much attention has focused on endothelial cell mechanobiology and the role of blood flow-induced forces in regulating the health of blood vessels. It is now well accepted that modulation of endothelial cell physiology and pathophysiology by fluid mechanical...
A two-component sensing system comprising a fluorescent dye and a boronic acid-containing molecule that acts dually as a fluorescence quencher and a saccharide receptor was developed for continuous glucose monitoring in blood. Boronic acid-based bipyridinium salts as tunable receptors have been introduced to increase glucose selectivity over that of other boronate-forming analytes. Powerful solution-phase...
Understanding the molecular mechanisms of cell-to-cell communication is one of the major challenges in today’s biology, especially in the immune and nervous systems, where such communication leads to immediate effector functions, as well as to storage of memory [1–3].
In February 1985, I attended the meeting of the Biophysical Society in Baltimore. During the meeting, Professor Ludwig Brand invited researchers working in fluorescence field to his laboratory to a soirée he entitled “cheese and wine around fluorescence.” In fact, during this 3 h short but interesting nonformal session, scientists main subject was “origin of tryptophan fluorescence in proteins.” I...
Temporal information on the structural transformations occurring during the folding and unfolding reactions of proteins is of great importance for elucidating the mechanism of protein folding [1–6]. The rapidity of protein folding reactions precludes the use of standard structural tools such as NMR and X-ray crystallography. Furthermore, the conformational heterogeneity inherent in these reactions...
Our continuing efforts into the development of N-aryl-1,8-naphthalic dicarboximides (NI) as dual fluorescent (DF) dyes for biomedical applications has led to new insights into the photophysical features that these simple dyes can be designed to display. Consequently, the development of new DF dyes with improved fluorescent properties represents a major focus of our research. The first section of this...
The characterization of the dynamics of biological membranes is a topic which currently grasps a high level of attention. Biological membranes are extremely important as they are required for both protection and communication of eukaryotic cells. They also play a key role for transportation of nutrients into and out of the cell. Recent studies have proved that biological membranes are not homogeneous...
The method in which total internal reflection illumination is combined with fluorescence correlation spectroscopy (TIR-FCS) is reviewed. Included are descriptions of the conceptual basis and experimental design, as well as a variety of applications and the theoretical models associated with these measurements. Emerging, more complex versions of TIR-FCS, related techniques, and possible future directions...
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