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In this chapter, we first define what is meant by plant biotechnology. We then trace the history from its earliest beginnings rooted in traditional plant biotechnology, followed by classical plant biotechnology, and, currently, modern plant biotechnology. Plant biotechnology is now center stage in the fields of alternative energy involving biogas production, bioremediation that cleans up polluted...
In this chapter, we bring together up-to-date information concerning plant cell biotechnology and its applications. Because plants contain many valuable secondary metabolites that are useful as drug sources (pharmaceuticals), natural fungicides and insecticides (agrochemicals), natural food flavorings and coloring agents (nutrition), and natural fragrances and oils (cosmetics), the production of these...
Biopharmaceuticals are produced predominantly in microbial or mammalian bioreactor systems. Over the last few years, however, it has become clear that plants have great potential for economical, large-scale biopharmaceutical production. Following the commercial release of several maize-derived technical proteins, the first plant-derived veterinary vaccine was approved in 2006. Plants offer the prospect...
Cyanobacteria, the closest living relatives of the ancient endosymbiont that gave rise to modern-day chloroplasts, offer a rich source of genes for plant genetic engineering, due to both similarities with and differences from the plant genetic systems. On the one hand, cyanobacteria share many metabolic pathways with plant cells, and especially with chloroplasts, which may be critical when the transgenic...
Licorice (roots and stolons of Glycyrrhiza plants) is one of the most important crude drugs from ancient times, and its major constituent is an oleanane-type triterpene saponin, glycyrrhizin, which is a well-known sweetener as well as a pharmaceutical. We are using Glycyrrhiza glabra (common licorice) as a model plant to elucidate the regulation of triterpene biosynthesis in higher plants. Cultured...
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