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This chapter reviews some fundamental science critical for the understanding, development and operation of many classes of dense composite inorganic membrane used for transport of hydrogen. A companion paper follows in this volume discussing some of the engineering issues of membrane scale-up.
This chapter describes the scale-up of dense composite hydrogen transport membranes that can separate hydrogen from carbon dioxide and other components of water-gas shift (WGS) mixtures derived from coal gasification. The primary application considered is a hydrogen separation system for production of hydrogen from synthesis gas produced from a coal-fired Integrated Gasification Combined Cycle (IGCC)...
Dense metal membranes have been identified as a promising technology for post-gasifier forward water-gas shift (WGS) membrane reactors or post-shift membrane separation processes. It is known that both major and minor gasification effluent constituents can have adverse effects on the mechanical and chemical stability of potential metal membranes. With this in mind, the scope of this chapter is to...
Thin self-supported permeable membranes of palladium alloys such as Pd60Cu40 have many applications in which hydrogen separation is required. Magnetron sputtering onto selected flexible or non-flexible substrates, for example using a watersoluble release agent or backing, has allowed lift-off and production of high quality films of controllable alloy composition down to 3μm in thickness. The targeted...
Electroless plating was used to fabricate PdCu and PdAu alloy composite membranes using tubular Al2O3 and stainless steel microfilters to produce high temperature H2 separation membranes. The composite membranes were annealed and tested at temperatures ranging from 350 to 400°C, at high feed pressures (≤250 psig) using pure gases and gas mixtures containing H2, carbon monoxide (CO), carbon dioxide...
This chapter deals with the synthesis and characterization of composite Pd and Pd/alloy membranes for hydrogen separation and reaction applications. The electroless plating of Pd on porous stainless steel with an intermetallic diffusion barrier is emphasized. Membranes with the intermetallic diffusion barrier prepared by the in-situ oxidation coupled with bi-metal multilayer (BMML) deposition have...
An integrated, palladium alloy membrane Water-Gas Shift (WGS) reactor can significantly reduce the size, cost and complexity of a fuel processor for a Polymer Electrolyte Membrane fuel cell power system. Physics-based system modeling that accounts for component performance under transient conditions is essential to derive the full benefit from this technology. Modeling elucidates system designs and...
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