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A large proportion of right-hemisphere stroke patients exhibits spatial neglect, a neurological condition characterised by deficits for perceiving, attending, representing, and/or performing actions within their left-sided space. spatial neglect is responsible for many debilitating effects on everyday life, for poor functional recovery, and for decreased ability to benefit from treatment. Prism adaptation...
Autism is a disorder of neural development characterized by impairments in social cognition and communications. By applying multidimensional scaling to the analysis of temporo-spatial gaze behaviors, we quantitatively demonstrated that normal control participants shared highly stereotypical gaze patterns while viewing socially relevant video stimuli, whereas children and adults with autism spectrum...
Recent studies in cognitive neuroscience point to the possibility that external factors we are not necessarily aware of can augment our perception, cognition, and actions. This chapter described two examples of behavioral limits being overcome by the use of external factors: (1) transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) and (2) behavioral speed contagion. The use of tDCS to improve cognitive...
When asked to select a label for a novel object from a given group of labels that includes both novel and familiar labels, one tends to choose a novel label. Nonhuman animals robustly fail to demonstrate the same tendency, although this tendency called “exclusion” that can bias human behavior may seem quite natural. The functional magnetic resonance imaging study described here investigated the neural...
Paralysis after stroke or neurotrauma is among the leading causes of long term disability in adults. The development of brain–computer interface (BCI) systems that allow online classification of electric or metabolic brain activity and their translation into control signals of external devices or computers have led to two major approaches in tackling the problem of paralysis. While assistive BCI systems...
The brain–machine interface (BMI) or brain–computer interface (BCI) is a new interface technology that utilizes neurophysiological signals from the brain to control external machines or computers. We used electroencephalography signals in a BMI system that enables environmental control and communication using the P300 paradigm, which presents a selection of icons arranged in a matrix. The subject...
The research about brain computer interface or brain machine interface has been widely developed in this decade. Implant methods are already used for eye or ear as retinal implant or cochlear implant, these devices stimulate peripheral nerve. In this case, the stimulus site is peripheral and the information from each sensor is input signal of the brain. Brain Machine Interface measure or stimulate...
Stroke is the second most common cause of death and the leading cause of chronic disability in adults worldwide. Patients with chronic stroke often show increased flexor hypertonia in their affected upper limbs. Although an intervention strategy targeting the extensors of the affected upper limb might thus be expected to have benefits for functional recovery, conventional repetitive motor training...
Because patients with an injured spinal cord face severe functional deficits, novel therapeutic approaches are required to treat this traumatic disorder. Recent advances in molecular biology and electrophysiology have rendered approaches based on these two subjects important in this field. A molecular approach involving tissue engineering is beneficial for preserving or restoring the neural circuit,...
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