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The chapter presents a user-friendly review of the main components of a routine cryostat and their function in the preparation of frozen sections of mammalian tissue. Topics covered include sectioning hints and tips and proper methods for disinfection and cryostat maintenance.
The chapter discusses gross examination of tissues in the setting of surgical pathology intraoperative consultation; the frozen section room. The process of gross examination is discussed in nine important steps from verifying of labeling and review of clinical information through gross examination, inking, sectioning, and cytologic preparations. These steps provide a checklist of considerations,...
Embedding of tissue for frozen sectioning is a vital step in the preparation of tissue for intra-operative consultation. In many cases, this task needs to be performed with great precision or risk suboptimal interpretation and loss of precious tissue. Traditional forms of face up and face down embedding techniques are described along with potential sources of difficulty. The Precision Cryoembedding System...
The chapter covers a detailed method of cutting frozen sections on a cryostat using brush technique in continuous motion. The text covers all steps of the cutting process including trimming, cutting and retrieving. The goal is to develop great skill and sensitivity with the brush so that we can cut repeated sections in continuous motion without hesitation. This original approach presents the cutting...
This chapter elucidates the variables effecting the way tissues cut when preparing frozen sections. Our goal is to recognize artifacts on the sections as they are being cut and make corrections and adjustments to yield the best sections possible. The cutting properties of tissue with varying temperature are discussed in detail with illustrations of artifacts and techniques for adjusting block temperature...
This chapter covers fixation, staining and coverslipping of frozen section slides. A number of fixatives and fixative cocktails in use are described and illustrated as well as artifacts resulting from prolonged drying. Several commonly used staining procedures are described with suggestions on maximizing the quality and information gathered for interpretation. Adhesion of tissue to glass slides and...
There is no place in a surgical pathology practice that challenges our diagnostic skills more than the frozen section room. Given only a simple H&E section, under constraints of time and an anxious surgeon, we are faced with many diagnostic challenges. Our approach to read the frozen section slides for intra-operative consultation should be no different than for routine surgical specimens. The...
The chapter offers a comprehensive discussion of the technical process of preparing frozen sections in the setting of Mohs dermatographic surgery. In Mohs surgery procedure, the surgeon removes a skin cancer which is immediately examined by frozen section to access the resection margin. Most critical to accurate specimen preparation is the proper on face embedding of tissues such that the epidermal...
There are significant differences between the skills required for research animal and for clinical histology. Researchers normally use sacrifice perfusion to harvest animal tissue, and need to freeze and section whole organs, sometimes in a specific orientation. Clinical histologists normally work with small samples or fragments, immersion fix, and paraffin embed. Perfusion clears the tissue...
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