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Microorganisms can be used to solubilize managenese in manganiferous oxide ores. The organisms usually use manganese as a terminal electron acceptor reducing it to Mn(II). Manganese-reducing organisms have been isolated from freshwater and ocean sediments, marine nodules, and ore samples. These organisms require, an organic source of carbon which can be provided in the form of molasses or other food...
Poly(hydroxyalkanoic acid) [PHA] is accumulated by numerous microorganisms as an energy reserve material under unbalanced growth conditions in the presence of excess carbon source. In spite of being a good candidate for biodegradable thermoplastic, their high price compared with conventional plastics currently in use has limited their availability in a wide range of applications. With the aim of reducing...
This review surveys data on cyanobacterial hydrogen photoproduction with a view to a use of cyanobacteria in photobioreactors for hydrogen production. Three groups of cyanobacteria can be distinguished based on their hydrogen producing physiological characteristics: a) heterocystous filamentous, b) nonheterocystous filamentous and c) nonheterocystous unicellular strains. Information on certain...
One of the most important properties of enzymes is their ability to catalyze reactions in a stereoselective manner. This has been used for many years by organic chemist, who have exploited enzymes as catalysts in asymmetric synthesis and resolution for the preparation of optically pure compounds. It is now well established that hydrolytic enzymes can function also in organic solvents and can be used...
Proteins as well as bioactive substances were coupled with two types of polyethylene glycol (PEG) derivatives, one with a chain-shaped form, 2,4-bis(O-methoxypolyethylene glycol)-6-chloro-s-triazine (activated PEG2), and the other with a comb-shaped form, copolymer of PEG and maleic anhydride (activated PM). This modification technique eliminated some of the drawbacks of the native proteins and bioactive...
The interest in environmental issues is still growing and there are increasing demands to develop materials which do not burden the environment significantly. Awareness of the waste problem and its impact on the environment has awakened new interest in the area of degradable polymers. Biodegradation is necessary for water-soluble or water-miscible polymers because they eventually enter streams which...
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