The increasing interest of materials scientists in biomineralisation phenomena is caused by the option of new biomimetic processing routes for materials with unusual structures and properties. Among them new biomaterials for application in medicine are of great interest. In this paper we will discuss a new biomimetic approach for manufacturing of bone implants based on hydroxyapatite (HAP)-collagen composites. One characteristic feature of all biomineralisation processes is the control of nucleation and growth of the crystalline phase by interaction with a biomolecular template. When we consider the development of substitutes of hard tissue then the creation of a nanocrystalline structure of the mineral phase (HAP) in the new materials has to be the final goal because the nanocrystallinity is one precondition for a high potential for remodeling when bone resorbing cells (osteoclasts) and bone forming cells (osteoblasts) are interacting with the material. From many biomineralisation studies it is known that the final inorganic structure formed on a biomolecular template or in a biomolecular compartment is the result of a competition between template induced nucleation versus inhibited growth by specific adsorption of biomolecules on certain crystal surfaces [1]. Thus the crystal morphology as well as the crystal size can be designed by using appropriate biomolecules. The development of artificial bone substitute has to be focused on two goals - to create a material with bone like mechanical properties, and to fulfil the precondition for the intended remodeling by cellular activity.