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Marine biology has always played an important role in biological research, being at the origin of many key advances. To a certain extent, the influence of marine biology on the biological sciences was overshadowed over a period of several years by the remarkable advances that were made using powerful model organisms from terrestrial environments. This situation is now changing again, however, due...
Marine biodiversity encompasses a range of hierarchical levels, including genetic, species, ecosystem and functional diversity. Interactions among such levels determine ultimately the distribution and abundance, as well as evolutionary potential and resilience, of marine taxa. In the face of accelerating environmental change and ecosystem disruption, the detection and monitoring of structural and...
The term “metagenomics” represents a combination of molecular and bioinformatic tools used to assess the genetic information of a community without prior cultivation of the individual species. It is valuable for the study of microorganisms of which only a minor fraction is yet culturable. The collective genomes present in an environmental sample or in an enrichment of target cells are extracted and...
The field of Genomics has essentially been fuelled by medical research with developments in human gene therapy, such as the Human Genome Project. This major international undertaking resulted in a significantly increased sequencing capacity, a dramatic decrease in the time and cost of sequencing and also the computational effort required for the analysis. Marine biologists are taking advantage of...
Multiple lines of evidence have been proposed to resolve the tree of metazoans. Views based on morphology and development were often questioned because they relied on characters whose evolutionary orientation is difficult. Molecules offer an independent perspective and the employment of some genes, such as ribosomal RNA subunits (SSU/LSU) or Hox genes, have led to a profound reshaping of the metazoan...
Evolution is often regarded as a process leading from simple ancestors to more complex descendants, a generalized view that has also impacted on different concepts of evolution. However, the study of new marine model systems, and the inclusion of new levels of analysis, challenge this paradigm, as they reveal that levels of complexity can diverge from the apparent organizational complexity of individual...
The algae are an extremely diverse group of organisms from several different perspectives; including their phylogeny, their basic biology and biochemistry, the range of complexity they exhibit and their adaptation to a large number of different habitats. As a result, algal research touches on a broad spectrum of questions ranging from the importance of algae as key species in marine ecosystems to...
Despite the enormous input into the worldwide development of fish and shellfish farming in the recent decades, in part as an attempt to minimize the impact of fishing on already overexploited natural populations, the application of genomics to aquaculture and fisheries remains poorly developed. Improving state-of-the-art genomics research in various aquaculture systems, as well as its industrial applications,...
Biotechnology based upon genes from the marine environment (sometimes referred to as “blue-biotechnology”) has a considerable, if hitherto relatively unused, potential because of the enormous phylogenetic diversity of marine organisms and the potential for novel undiscovered biological mechanisms, including biochemical pathways. The increasing knowledge of marine genomics has started to have a major...
In recent years, modern high-throughput techniques in genome and post-genome research have made a marked impact on the marine sciences. Today, massively parallel DNA sequencing and hybridization approaches allow the identification of not only the gene repertoire but also the gene regulatory networks that function within an organism. The huge amounts of data acquired from such experiments can only...
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