Spherical LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 powders have been synthesized from co-precipitated spherical metal hydroxide. The electrochemical performances of the LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 electrodes in 1 M LiNO3, 5 M LiNO3, and saturated LiNO3 aqueous electrolytes have been studied using cyclic voltammetry and ac impedance tests in this work. The results show that LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 electrode in saturated LiNO3 electrolyte exhibits the best electrochemical performance. An aqueous rechargeable lithium battery containing LiNi1/3Co1/3Mn1/3O2 cathode, LiV2.9Ni0.050Mn0.050O8 anode, and saturated LiNO3 electrolyte is fabricated. The battery delivers an initial capacity of 98.2 mAh g−1 and keeps a capacity of 63.9 mAh g−1 after 50 cycles at a rate of 0.5 C (278 mA g−1 was assumed to be 1 C rate).